全文获取类型
收费全文 | 143篇 |
免费 | 4篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 72篇 |
晶体学 | 1篇 |
力学 | 1篇 |
数学 | 6篇 |
物理学 | 67篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 2篇 |
2021年 | 2篇 |
2020年 | 1篇 |
2018年 | 1篇 |
2017年 | 1篇 |
2016年 | 2篇 |
2015年 | 1篇 |
2014年 | 1篇 |
2013年 | 3篇 |
2012年 | 5篇 |
2011年 | 4篇 |
2008年 | 2篇 |
2007年 | 5篇 |
2006年 | 6篇 |
2005年 | 6篇 |
2004年 | 3篇 |
2003年 | 3篇 |
2002年 | 10篇 |
2001年 | 5篇 |
2000年 | 4篇 |
1999年 | 2篇 |
1998年 | 4篇 |
1997年 | 2篇 |
1996年 | 4篇 |
1995年 | 1篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 11篇 |
1992年 | 16篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 5篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有147条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
51.
Furtado CA Kim UJ Gutierrez HR Pan L Dickey EC Eklund PC 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2004,126(19):6095-6105
Wet chemical methods involving ultrasound and amide solvents were used to purify and separate large bundles of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) into individual nanotubes that could then be transported to silicon or mica substrates. The SWNTs studied were produced by the arc-discharge process. Dry oxidation was used in an initial step to remove amorphous carbon. Subsequently, two acid purification schemes were investigated (HCl- and HNO(3)-reflux) to remove the metal growth catalyst (Ni-Y). Finally, ultrasonic dispersion of isolated tubes into either N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) or N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) was carried out. Raman scattering, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and electron microscopy were used to study the evolution of the products. Raman scattering was used to probe possible wall damage during the chemical processing. We found that both HCl and HNO(3) could be used to successfully remove the Ni-Y below approximately 1 wt %. However, the HNO(3)-reflux produced significant wall damage (that could be reversed by vacuum annealing at 1000 degrees C). In the dispersion step, both amide solvents (DMF and NMP) produced a high degree of isolated tubes in the final product, and no damage during this dispersion step was observed. HNO(3)-refluxed tubes were found to disperse the best into the amide solvents, perhaps because of significant wall functionalization. AFM was used to study the filament diameter and length distributions in the final product, and interesting differences in these distributions were observed, depending on the chemical processing route. 相似文献
52.
Effect of van der Waals interactions on the Raman modes in single walled carbon nanotubes 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Rao AM Chen J Richter E Schlecht U Eklund PC Haddon RC Venkateswaran UD Kwon YK Tománek D 《Physical review letters》2001,86(17):3895-3898
We have measured the Raman spectrum of individual single walled carbon nanotubes in solution and compare it to that obtained from the same starting material where the tubes are present in ordered bundles or ropes. Interestingly, the radial mode frequencies for the tubes in solution are found to be approximately 10 cm (-1) higher than those observed for tubes in a rope, in apparent contradiction to lattice dynamics predictions. We suggest that there is no such contradiction, and propose that the upshift is due rather to a decreased energy spacing of the Van Hove singularities in isolated tubes over the spacings in a rope, thereby allowing the same laser excitation to excite different diameter tubes in these two samples. 相似文献
53.
Victor Kisonen Chunlin Xu Roger Bollström Jonas Hartman Hille Rautkoski Maristiina Nurmi Jarl Hemming Patrik Eklund Stefan Willför 《Cellulose (London, England)》2014,21(6):4497-4509
A major enhancement of grease and water vapor barrier properties was accomplished with a 1–10 g/m2 coating of O-acetyl galactoglucomannan (GGM) ester or with GGM coatings applied as water dispersions on cartonboard. GGMs were esterified with phthalic and benzoic anhydrides, respectively. The novel phthalic esters of GGM (GGM-Ph) were characterized with HPLC, NMR, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization with mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). The degree of substitution of GGM-Ph was obtained by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HPLC. The GGM esters and GGM were coated onto cartonboard, and they demonstrated good moisture and very good grease resistance even with thin 1–3 g/m2 coatings. The time for penetration of 0.1 % rapeseed oil was 54 h with the 2.4 g/m2 coating thickness. The lowest water vapor transmission value was 39 g/m2/24 h with 9.7 g/m2 coating. The GGM esters had clearly higher water resistance and slightly higher grease barrier values than native GGM. High-molar-mass-based GGM (50 kg/mol) and GGM-Ph rendered better water vapor and grease barrier properties than low-molar-mass GGM (9 kg/mol) and GGM-Ph. The GGM-based coatings can be safely used on an industrial scale as water was used as a solvent. As obtained from non-food-based side-stream wood-based resources, GGM and GGM esters project a sustainable and modern conception for barrier purposes in food packaging. 相似文献
54.
In this paper a unified theory of Cauchy spaces is presented including the classical cases of filter and sequence Cauchy spaces. To by-pass a lattice-theoretical barrier the notion of Urysohn modification of a functor is introduced. Employing this notion for many types of generalized Cauchy spaces a completion method is given. 相似文献
55.
Large-scale purification of single-wall carbon nanotubes: process, product, and characterization 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
A.G. Rinzler J. Liu H. Dai P. Nikolaev C.B. Huffman F.J. Rodríguez-Macías P.J. Boul A.H. Lu D. Heymann D.T. Colbert R.S. Lee J.E. Fischer A.M. Rao P.C. Eklund R.E. Smalley 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》1998,67(1):29-37
Received: 13 February 1998 相似文献
56.
The ability of graphite to reduce metal oxides to the free metal is discussed. Differential thermal analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy are used to investigate the reaction in the case of CuSO(4). The reduction process is shown to occur at temperatures which are low relative to the appearance temperature of Cu. Thew results suggest that the appearance temperature of the element is governed by the vapour pressure of the metal and not by the reduction process. 相似文献
57.
A Two‐Dimensional Zirconium Carbide by Selective Etching of Al3C3 from Nanolaminated Zr3Al3C5
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Jie Zhou Xianhu Zha Fan Y. Chen Qun Ye Prof. Per Eklund Prof. Shiyu Du Prof. Qing Huang 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2016,55(16):5008-5013
The room‐temperature synthesis of a new two‐dimensional (2D) zirconium‐containing carbide, Zr3C2Tz MXene is presented. In contrast to traditional preparation of MXene, the layered ternary Zr3Al3C5 material instead of MAX phases is used as source under hydrofluoric acid treatment. The structural, mechanical, and electronic properties of the synthesized 2D carbide are investigated, combined with first‐principles density functional calculations. A comparative study on the structrual stability of our obtained 2D Zr3C2Tz and Ti3C2Tz MXenes at elevated temperatures is performed. The obtained 2D Zr3C2Tz exhibits relatively better ability to maintain 2D nature and strucural integrity compared to Ti‐based Mxene. The difference in structural stability under high temperature condition is explained by a theoretical investigation on binding energy. 相似文献
58.
Eklund PC Backman MJ Kronberg LA Smeds AI Sjöholm RE 《Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS》2008,43(1):97-107
The fragmentation pattern of 30 compounds belonging to different classes of the lignan family was studied by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization ion-trap mass spectrometry. On the basis of the observed fragmentation patterns, identification of different types of lignans was achieved. For example, dibenzylbutyrolactone lignans showed a characteristic fragmentation pathway by the loss of 44 Da (CO(2)) from the lactone moiety, whereas dibenzylbutanediols showed a loss of 48 Da by a combined loss of formaldehyde and water from the 1,4-butanediol moiety. Lignan glycosides readily lost the sugar residue to give the parent lignan as their primary product ion. In addition, several compound-specific fragmentations were observed and used for identification of individual compounds.A versatile method for analyses of lignans was developed using LC separation on a C8 column followed by fragmentation and detection of ions produced in the ion trap. 相似文献
59.
Spjuth O Eklund M Ahlberg Helgee E Boyer S Carlsson L 《Journal of chemical information and modeling》2011,51(8):1840-1847
Chemical liabilities, such as adverse effects and toxicity, have a major impact on today's drug discovery process. In silico prediction of chemical liabilities is an important approach which can reduce costs and animal testing by complementing or replacing in vitro and in vivo liability models. There is a lack of integrated, extensible decision support systems for chemical liability assessment which run quickly and have easily interpretable results. Here we present a method which integrates similarity searches, structural alerts, and QSAR models which all are available from the Bioclipse workbench. Emphasis has been placed on interpretation of results, and substructures which are important for predictions are highlighted in the original chemical structures. This allows for interactively changing chemical structures with instant visual feedback and can be used for hypothesis testing of single chemical structures as well as compound collections. The system has a clear separation between methods and data, and the extensible architecture enables straightforward extension via addition of more plugins (such as new data sets and computational models). We demonstrate our method on three important safety end points: mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation. Bioclipse and the decision support implementation are free, open source, and available from http://www.bioclipse.net/decision-support . 相似文献
60.
Thomas Sandberg Yury Brusentsev Patrik Eklund Matti Hotokka 《International journal of quantum chemistry》2011,111(15):4309-4317
The structures of TADDOL‐like α‐conidendrin‐based chiral 1,4‐diols (LIGNOLs) have been studied at molecular mechanics, Hartree‐Fock (HF)/6‐31G* and DFT/B3LYP/TZVP level of theory. The molecules included were 1,1‐diphenyl, two diastereomers of 1,1,4‐triphenyl, 1,1,4,4‐tetraphenyl, and 1,1,4,4‐tetramethyl 1,4‐diol. Several conformers of each molecule were studied thorougly also including the entropy contributions. For the triphenyl 1,4‐diols, which can form π ? π interactions between phenyl rings, the DFT optimized structures differed significantly from the HF optimized ones. A property for the most stable structures, in addition to the ability to form π ? π interactions, seemed to be the possibility to have the aliphatic six‐membered ring in a boat conformation. For all of the studied LIGNOLs some conformers were found, where the two OH groups pointed almost to the same direction. By this an intramolecular hydrogen bond can be formed between them. The bridging hydrogen atom falls at the same place as a chelate‐bonded metal ion would be situated, as in the case of the analogous molecules, TADDOLs, but only a few of these molecules would be able to work well as ligands for asymmetric catalysis. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011 相似文献