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S. B. Dorofeev V. P. Sidorov M. S. Kuznetsov A. E. Dvoinishnikov V. I. Alekseev A. A. Efimenko 《Shock Waves》1996,6(1):21-28
Large scale experiments were carried out to study the effect of fuel concentration on air blast parameters and heat radiation
from gaseous detonations. Hemispheric plastic envelope (4 meters in radius) was used with propane-air mixtures containing
from 4 to 7 vol. % of fuel. The expressions for overpressures and impulses were determined in Sachs variables. The effect
of fuel concentration on blast parameters is shown to be insignificant for the same amount of oxygen in the mixture volume.
Thus the blast wave parameters can be described as for stoichiometric mixtures using additional scaling for the explosion
energy according to oxygen content (cloud volume). The results of large scale experiments with fuel spray clouds containing
0.16–100 tons of fuel with mean concentration from stoichiometric () up to are reconsidered. These results confirm the proposed scaling of air blast parameters for a wide range of fuel types, cloud
volumes and fuel concentrations. Detonations of fuel rich gaseous mixtures result in a strong heat radiation. Heat radiation
energy, time and size of the fireball formed are studied as a function of fuel concentration.
Received March 10, 1995 / Accepted March 12, 1995 相似文献
13.
Genzer J Efimenko K Fischer DA 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2006,22(20):8532-8541
The goal of this study is to elucidate the formation of molecular gradients made of semifluorinated organosilanes (SFOs) on flat substrates by using a methodology developed by Chaudhury and Whitesides (Science 1992, 256, 1539). We use surface-sensitive combinatorial near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (combi-NEXAFS) spectroscopy to measure the position-dependent concentration and orientation of SFO molecules in SFO molecular gradients on flat silica surfaces. Using the combi-NEXAFS data, we establish the correlation between the fraction of the F(CF(2))(8)(CH(2))(2)- species on the substrate and the average tilt angle of the -(CF(2))(8)F group in the SFO as a function of the deposition gas medium (air vs nitrogen) and the end group around the silicon atom (monofunctional vs trifunctional). In addition, we utilize the gradient geometry to comprehend the mechanism of formation of SFO self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). Specifically, we provide evidence that depending on the nature of the end group in the SFO and the vapor phase the SFO molecules add themselves into the existing SAMs either as individual molecules or as multimolecular complexes. 相似文献
14.
K. Efimenko V. Rybka V. Švorčík V. Hnatowicz 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》1998,67(5):503-505
Received: 25 January 1998/Accepted: 28 May 1998 相似文献
15.
A.?V.?Efimenko T.?L.?SemenovaEmail author P.?S.?Gordienko 《Russian Journal of Electrochemistry》2005,41(12):1345-1347
Models, mechanisms, and criteria of formation of protective coatings on graphite by a microspark oxidation method (MSO) are considered. It is established that a prerequisite for the graphite MSO is the deposition of a barrier film of a valve metal oxide at the graphite surface. Optimum regimes of the graphite MSO in aqueous solutions of sodium aluminate are determined. Protective coatings on graphite comprising α-phase aluminum oxide are obtained. It is concluded that the graphite MSO should be viewed as a version of MSO of metals, which involves the electrochemical deposition (at high voltages that cause the anode to microspark) of oxide films consisting of electrolyte components on graphite, as opposed to a version of MSO of metals, which involves the formation of an anodic film consisting of electrolyte components and the intrinsic oxide. 相似文献
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O. N. Shishilov T. A. Stromnova A. V. Churakov L. G. Kuz’mina I. A. Efimenko 《Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry》2006,51(4):574-580
Methods for the synthesis of new palladium(II) acetate complexes [L2Pd(OCOCH3)2], where L is N-coordinated morpholine (C4H9ON) or 4-methylmorpholine (C5H11ON), have been developed. The structure of the complex (C4H9ON)2Pd(OAc)2 · 2H2O (1) has been established by X-ray diffraction. The crystals of 1 are monoclinic (C12H26O8N2Pd, M = 434.76), space group P2(1)/c, a = 9.129(3) Å, b = 16.227(5) Å, c = 6.159(2) Å, V = 878.5(5) Å3, Z = 2. The palladium atom has a square-planar environment with the trans arrangement of ligands. The complex (C5H11ON)2Pd(OAc)2 (2) has a similar structure, according to spectroscopic data. 相似文献
18.
N. A. Kas’yanenko E. V. Levykina O. S. Erofeeva N. A. Ivanova I. A. Efimenko 《Journal of Structural Chemistry》2009,50(5):996-1006
The interactions of palladium cation-anion compounds (C4H10NO)2[PdCl4], K2[PdCl4], and K2[PdBr4] with DNA in 0.005 M NaCl and 0.15 M NaCl solutions were studied by spectrophotometry, circular dichroism, viscosimetry,
dynamic birefringence, and atomic force microscopy. The interactions are primarily effected by coordination of the donor atoms
of DNA bases by palladium. The end products of interactions with palladium acido complexes are independent of the macromolecule
and the nature of halogen X in [PdX4]2−. The significant changes in the conformation of DNA in palladium complexes resulted from both intra- and intermolecular cross-linkings
induced by palladium. 相似文献
19.
A. K. Lyashchenko D. V. Loginova A. S. Lileev N. A. Ivanova I. A. Efimenko 《Russian Journal of Coordination Chemistry》2009,35(9):633-639
The MW-dielectric properties of aqueous solutions of K2[PtCl4] (I) and K2[PdCl4] (II) were studied at 298 and 313 K in the frequency range (12–25 GHz) corresponding to the maximum dielectric constant dispersion
for water and aqueous solutions of these salts. The low-frequency conductivities were measured. The static dielectric constant,
the dielectric relaxation time, and the enthalpy of activation of the dielectric relaxation of the solutions were determined.
Compared to pure water, in solutions of salts I and II, the orientational mobility of water molecules is increased and the network of H-bonds is violated more strongly than that
of most other ions with hydrophilic hydration. It was demonstrated for the first time that dielectric spectroscopy can be
used for analyzing complexation processes in systems containing aqua and hydroxo chloride complexes of metals. 相似文献
20.