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101.
The performance of high power transistor devices is intimately connected to the substrate thermal conductivity. In this study, the relationship between thermal conductivity and dislocation density is examined using the 3 omega technique and free standing HVPE GaN substrates. Dislocation density is measured using imaging cathodoluminescence. In a low dislocation density regime below 105 cm−2, the thermal conductivity appears to plateau out near 230 W/K m and can be altered by the presence of isotopic defects and point defects. For high dislocation densities the thermal conductivity is severely degraded due to phonon scattering from dislocations. These results are applied to the design of homoepitaxially and heteroepitaxially grown HEMT devices and the efficiency of heat extraction and the influence of lateral heat spreading on device performance are compared. 相似文献
102.
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104.
J. Telser H. -I. Lee E. T. Smith H. Huang P. Brereton M. W. W. Adams R. C. Conover M. K. Johnson B. M. Hoffman 《Applied magnetic resonance》1998,14(2-3):305-321
The hyperthermophilic archaeonPyrococcus furiosus contains a four-Fe ferredoxin (Pf- Fd) that differs from most other 4Fe-Fd’s in that its [Fe4S4] cluster is anchored to protein by only three cysteinyl residues.Pf- Fd also is of interest because in its reduced form, [Fe4S4]+, the cluster exhibits bothS = 1/2 andS = 3/2 spin states. Addition of excess cyanide ion converts the cluster exclusively to anS = 1/2 state (g1 = 2.09, g2 = 1.95, g3 = 1.92), however dialysis restores the EPR signal of native reduced protein indicating that the cluster is not irreversibly altered by cyanide. Both the native protein and protein in the presence of excess cyanide ion (Pf- Fd 4Fe-CN) were investigated here using the techniques of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectroscopy. In particular,Pf- Fd 4Fe-CN was investigated using13CN? and C15N? ligands.13C and15N ENDOR indicated that a single cyanide ion bound directly, with the cluster showing an unusually small contact interaction (aiso(13C)~ ?3 MHz, aiso(15N) ~ 0). This is in contrast to cyanide bound to monomeric low-spin Fe(III)-containing proteins such as transferrin and myoglobin, for which the13C hyperfine coupling has a large isotropic component (aiso(13C) ≈ ?30 MHz). This small contact interaction is not due to low spin density of Fe, as57Fe ENDOR of the singly and triply labeledPf- Fd 4FeCN isotopologs, [57FeFe3S4]+ and [Fe57Fe3S4]+, show hyperfine coupling characteristic for [Fe4S4]+ clusters, particularly for the Fe to which cyanide binds. Thus, the low spin density on13C is not due to low spin density on the Fe ion to which it binds. Further theoretical work is needed to explain the contrast between the strong electronic effect of cyanide ion binding with the low spin density on the ligand. 相似文献
105.
We show that three dimensional Chern-Simons gauge theories with a compact gauge groupG (not necessarily connected or simply connected) can be classified by the integer cohomology groupH
4(BG,Z). In a similar way, possible Wess-Zumino interactions of such a groupG are classified byH
3(G,Z). The relation between three dimensional Chern-Simons gauge theory and two dimensional sigma models involves a certain natural map fromH
4(BG,Z) toH
3(G,Z). We generalize this correspondence to topological spin theories, which are defined on three manifolds with spin structure, and are related to what might be calledZ
2 graded chiral algebras (or chiral superalgebras) in two dimensions. Finally we discuss in some detail the formulation of these topological gauge theories for the special case of a finite group, establishing links with two dimensional (holomorphic) orbifold models. 相似文献
106.
Stevenson NR Schubank RB Shin YM Amaudruz P Delheij PP Healey DC Jennings BK Ottewell DF Sheffer G Smith GR Wait GD Brack JT Feltham A Hanna M Johnson RR Rozon FM Sossi V Vetterli D Weber P Grion N Rui R Kohler M Ristinen RA Mathie EL Tacik R Yeomans M Gossett CA Wagner GJ 《Physical review letters》1990,65(16):1987-1990
107.
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Atiya MS Chiang I Frank JS Haggerty JS Ito MM Kycia TF Li KK Littenberg LS Stevens A Strand RC Louis WC Akerib DS Marlow DR Meyers PD Selen MA Shoemaker FC Smith AJ Azuelos G Blackmore EW Bryman DA Felawka L Kitching P Kuno Y Macdonald JA Numao T Padley P Poutissou J Poutissou R Roy J 《Physical review letters》1990,65(1):21-24
109.
Stuart D Breedon RE Kim GN Ko W Lander RL Maeshima K Malchow RL Smith JR Imlay R Kirk P Lim J McNeil RR Metcalf W Myung SS Cheng CP Gu P Li J Li YK Ye MH Zhu YC Abashian A Gotow K Hu KP Low EH Mattson ME Piilonen L Sterner KL Lusin S Rosenfeld C Wang AT Wilson S Frautschi M Kagan H Kass R Trahern CG Abe K Fujii Y Higashi Y Kim SK Kurihara Y Maki A Nozaki T Omori T Sagawa H Sakai Y Sugimoto Y Takaiwa Y Terada S Walker R Kajino F Perticone D Poling R Thomas T Ishi Y Miyano K Miyata H Sasaki T 《Physical review letters》1990,64(9):983-986
110.