Synthesis of potential antifilarial agents 2 . methyl 2-substituted purine 8-carbamates and related compounds

A series of methyl 2-substituted purine 8-carbamates was prepared and evaluated for antifilarial activity. These purines were synthesized as aza congeners of benzimidazole carbamates which have shown significant anthelmintic activity to determine the effect that this modification might have on anthelmintic activity. The compounds were tested against the filarial infection, B. pahangi, in jirds. None of the compounds prepared in this study demonstrated antifilarial activity.     

Action du methyltri(n-butyl)fluorophosphorane sur les halogenures et les sulfonates d'alkyle

Monofluorophosphoranes R₃MePF are used in exchange reactions to prepare monofluorinated organic compounds. Tri(n-butyl)methylfluorophosphorane (n-Bu₃MePF), easily available, is the most reactive. In solvents of low polarity or even in non-polar solvents, it reacts at ?70° with alkyl sulphonates and halides activated by ester, ketone, or ether functions. Thus, fluorinated epoxides can be obtained directly by exchange from their chlorinated or brominated homologues.     

The synthesis and properties of certain N-methylated 5-diazouracils

The reduction of 1-methyl-, 3-methyl- and 1,3-dimethyl-5-nitrouracil (Ia-c) to the corresponding 5-aminouracils (IIa-c) is described. Diazotization of 5-amino-1-methyluracil (IIa) and 5-amino-1,3-dimethyluracil (IIc) gave 5-diazouracils which were characterized as thermally stable C6 covalent hydrates (III and XIII). Diazotization of 5-amino-3-methyluracil (IIb) gave anhydro 5-diazo-3-methyluracil (X) which underwent covalent methanolation and thermally reversible covalent hydration. Treatment of III and XIII with hot methanol resulted in solvent exchange of the C6 hydroxyl groups by a mechanism which may involve initial formation of diazoethers. Treatment of the methanolates (IV, XI and XIV) with dimethylamine resulted in coupling at the diazo group with a concomitant expulsion of the C6 methoxyl groups to give 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno)uracils (XVa-c).     

Computation of LCAO wave functions for ground states of polymers and solids

The LCAO form of the Hartree–Fock method is discussed in its application to crystals. General formulae are given for obtaining Fourier coefficient of electronic density (in direct space) as well as of the band structure (in momentum space). Finally, it is shown that in its LCAO form, Slater–Hartree–Fock equations are very simple and that this method is of interest for numerical applications. Special integrals occurring in this formalism are evaluated for a Gaussian basis in the last part of this paper.     

Controllable growth of chains and grids from polyoxomolybdate building blocks linked by silver(I) dimers

Molecular growth processes utilizing a beta-octamolybdate synthon and {Ag2} dimers are described and the directing influence of "encapsulating" cations and coordinating solvent is also demonstrated. The growth of two 1D chains, (nBu4N)2n[Ag2Mo8O26]n (1) and (nBu4N)2n[Ag2Mo8O26(CH3CN)2]n (2), is achieved when nBu4N+ ions are used, and the diameter of the chains can be expanded by the coordination of CH3CN solvent (2). The formation of a type of gridlike structure in which 1D chains are crossed-over each other in alternatively packed layers is achieved in DMSO as the solvent; DMSO acts as a linking group to give (nBu4N)2n[Ag2Mo8O26(dmso)2]n (3), which, similar to 1 and 2, still incorporates the Bu4N+ ions that exert an "encapsulating" influence. However, in (HDMF)n[Ag3(Mo8O26)(dmf)4]n (4) the relatively bulky Bu4N+ ions are exchanged for protonated DMF cations, thereby allowing the chains to condense to a 2D array. The building block concept is further enforced by the isolation of a "monomeric" unit (Ph4P)2[Ag2Mo8O26(dmso)4] (5), which is isolated when the Ph4P+ ions are so "encapsulating" as to prevent aggregation of the {Ag-Mo8-Ag} building blocks. The nature of the AgAg dimers in each of the compounds 1-4 is examined by DFT calculations and the interplay between these Ag-Ag interactions and the structure types is described.     

Determination of 2-mercaptopropionylglycine and its metabolite, 2-mercaptopropionic acid, in plasma by ion-pair reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with post-column derivatization.

A simple and fast high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous measurement of 2-mercaptopropionylglycine (Tiopronine) and its metabolite (2-mercaptopropionic acid) in human plasma after the administration of a pharmaceutical dosage form (Acadione). The sample treatment before high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis consisted of the reduction of the corresponding disulphides by tri-n-butylphosphine and protein precipitation with ethanol. Separation was achieved by ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography on a reversed-phase column (LiChrospher RP 18e) with cetrimonium bromide as counter ion and detection by fluorimetry after post-column derivatization with a selective thiol reagent, i.e. pyrenemaleimide. The high frequency of the analyzed samples and validation results make the method suitable for pharmacokinetic studies, and this was demonstrated by the first results obtained after the administration of an oral dose of 500 mg of Tiopronine to two healthy subjects.     

Arsenic speciation in marine organisms: from the analytical methodology to the constitution of reference materials

An analytical procedure for total arsenic and arsenic species quantification in marine organisms has been developed. Fresh materials are freeze-dried and reduced to powders before analysis. Arsenic is determined either by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) directly or by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP/OES) after microwave digestion. Arsenic speciation is performed on the extracted sample using liquid chromatography coupled to ICP/OES for arsenobetaine and arsenocholine determination and to the hydride generation-quartz furnace atomic absorption spectrometric technique for arsenite, arsenate, monomethylarsonic and dimethylarsinic acids quantification. Special precautions are taken to avoid losses or contaminations as well as to prevent analytical errors during the quantification stage. Other methods are applied and the corresponding results compared for each step of the procedure. The method is finally validated by means of intercomparison studies within the Measurements and Testing Programme of the European Community (formely BCR).     

Condensation du complexe hexafluoroacetone - fluorure de potassium sur les cetones alpha - halogenees

During its condensation with α-halo ketones, the hexafluoro- acetone-potassium fluoride complex behaves as a weak nucleophile and a strong base. Nucleophilic substitution produces α-perfluoroalkoxy ketones. Abstraction of a proton α to the carbonyl function leads to the formation of ether-ketones substituted by the group C(CF₃)₂. In some cases, hydrogen halide elimination can occur.     

A Chemical Study of Burley Tobacco Flavour (Nicotiana tabacum L.). I. Volatile to medium-volatile constituents (b.p. ≦ 84°/0.001 Torr

The fraction b.p. ≦ 84° (0.001 Torr) from Burley tobacco condensate was carefully investigated using fractional distillation and preparative column and gas liquid chromatography aided by GLC/MS coupling. Among the 193 compounds thus separated and characterized by their spectral data, 81 were newly identified tobacco constituents. Most of the compounds isolated in the course of this work display flavouring properties which make them highly suitable for improving the flavour and aroma of tobacco and tobacco smoke.