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排序方式: 共有576条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
491.
Poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) microgel based assemblies for organic dye removal from water: microgel diameter effects 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Deepika Parasuraman Edmund Leung Michael J. Serpe 《Colloid and polymer science》2012,290(11):1053-1064
Poly (N-isopropylacrylamide)-co-acrylic acid (pNIPAm-co-AAc) microgel based assemblies (aggregates) were synthesized from microgels of various diameters via polymerization of the crosslinker N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (BIS) in the presence of microgels in solution. We investigated the ability of the respective aggregates to remove the organic, azo dye molecule 4-(2-hydroxy-1-napthylazo) benzenesulfonic acid sodium salt (Orange II) from water at both room and elevated temperatures. The results from the microgel aggregates made from 1.1-μm-diameter [Parasuraman and Serpe. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2011] microgels were compared to aggregates synthesized from 321-nm and 1.43-μm-diameter microgels. Aggregates made from the same size microgels showed increased uptake efficiency as the concentration of BIS in the aggregates was increased, while for a given BIS concentration, the uptake efficiency increased with increasing microgel size in the aggregate. We attribute this to the “nature” of the aggregates; aggregates have void space between the microgels that can serve as reservoirs for Orange II uptake—the void spaces are hypothesized to increase with larger diameter microgels. By exploiting the thermoresponsive nature of the microgels, and microgel based aggregates, 85.3 % removal efficiencies can be achieved. Finally, all uptake trends for the aggregates, at room temperature, were fit with a Langmuir sorption isotherm model. 相似文献
492.
Jura M Levason W Petts E Reid G Webster M Zhang W 《Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)》2010,39(42):10264-10271
The first soft donor adducts of TiF(4), [TiF(4)(diphosphine)] (diphosphine = o-C(6)H(4)(PMe(2))(2), R(2)P(CH(2))(2)PR(2), R = Me or Et) have been prepared from [TiF(4)(MeCN)(2)] and the diphosphines in rigorously anhydrous CH(2)Cl(2), as extremely moisture sensitive yellow solids, and characterised by multinuclear NMR ((1)H, (31)P, (19)F), IR and UV/vis spectroscopy. The crystal structure of [TiF(4){Et(2)P(CH(2))(2)PEt(2)}] has been determined and shows a distorted six-coordinate geometry with disparate Ti-F(transF) and Ti-F(transP) distances and long Ti-P bonds. Weaker soft donor ligands including Ph(3)P, Ph(2)P(CH(2))(2)PPh(2), o-C(6)H(4)(PPh(2))(2), Ph(2)As(CH(2))(2)AsPh(2), o-C(6)H(4)(AsMe(2))(2) and (i)PrS(CH(2))(2)S(i)Pr do not form stable complexes with TiF(4), although surprisingly, fluorotitanate(IV) salts of the previously unknown doubly protonated ligand cations [LH(2)][Ti(4)F(18)] (L = o-C(6)H(4)(PPh(2))(2), o-C(6)H(4)(AsMe(2))(2) and (i)PrS(CH(2))(2)S(i)Pr) are formed in some cases as minor by-products. The structure of [o-C(6)H(4)(PPh(2)H)(2)][Ti(4)F(18)] shows the first authenticated example of a diprotonated o-phenylene-diphosphine. The synthesis and full spectroscopic characterisation are reported for a range of TiF(4) adducts with hard N- or O-donor ligands for comparison purposes, along with crystal structures of [TiF(4)(thf)(2)], [TiF(4)(Ph(3)EO)(2)]·2CH(2)Cl(2) (E = P or As), and [TiF(4)(bipy)]. 相似文献
493.
In [2] Camillo and Zelmanowitz stated that rings all whose modules are dimension modules are semisimple Artinian. It seem however that the proof in [2] contains a gap and applies to rings with finite Goldie dimension only. In this paper we show that the result indeed holds for all rings with a basis as well as for all commutative rings with Goldie dimension attained. 相似文献
494.
Marta Szachniuk Mikolaj Malaczynski Erwin Pesch Edmund K. Burke Jacek Blazewicz 《Journal of Heuristics》2013,19(3):443-464
Resonance signal assignment is a well known problem encountered during the process of biomolecule structure determination based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. As one of the first steps following the experimental part of the process, it significantly affects the quality of a resulting molecule model. In the paper we present a new approach for automated signal assignment in two-dimensional NMR spectra of RNA molecules. The proposed algorithm combines beam search with a neural network in order to reconstruct and evaluate solutions. Computational tests with a set of experimental and simulated NMR spectra show an excellent performance of the approach in comparison with the existing methods. The algorithm implementation is freely available at http://www.cs.put.poznan.pl/mszachniuk/bsmlp.zip. 相似文献
495.
Singer PM Leu G Fordham EJ Sen PN 《Journal of magnetic resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)》2006,183(2):167-177
Pulsed field gradient NMR flow propagators for water flow in Bentheimer sandstone are measured at low fields (1H resonance 2 MHz), using both unipolar and bipolar variants of the pulsed gradient method. We compare with propagators measured at high fields (1H resonance 85 MHz). We show that (i) measured flow propagators appear to be equivalent, in this rock, and (ii) the lower signal to noise ratio at low fields is not a serious limitation. By comparing different pulse sequences, we study the effects of the internal gradients on the propagator measurement at 2 MHz, which for certain rocks may persist even at low fields. 相似文献
496.
Lall MS Hoge G Tran TP Kissel W Murphy ST Taylor C Hutchings K Samas B Ellsworth EL Curran T Showalter HD 《The Journal of organic chemistry》2012,77(10):4732-4739
(S)-3-(methylamino)-3-((R)-pyrrolidin-3-yl)propanenitrile (1) is a key intermediate in the preparation of PF-00951966, (1) a fluoroquinolone antibiotic for use against key pathogens causing community-acquired respiratory tract infections including multidrug resistant (MDR) organisms. The current work describes the development of a highly efficient and stereoselective synthesis of 1 in 10 steps with an overall yield of 24% from readily available benzyloxyacetyl chloride. Two key transformations in the synthetic sequence involve (a) catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation with chiral DM-SEGPHOS-Ru(II) complex to afford β-hydroxy amide 11b in good yield (73%) and high stereoselectivity (de 98%, ee >99%) after recrystallization and (b) S(N)2 substitution reaction with methylamine to provide diamine 14 with inversion of configuration at the 1'-position in high yield (80%), after efficient purification using a simple acid/base extraction protocol. 相似文献
497.
Ruibin Bai Jacek Blazewicz Edmund K. Burke Graham Kendall Barry McCollum 《4OR: A Quarterly Journal of Operations Research》2012,10(1):43-66
Most of the current search techniques represent approaches that are largely adapted for specific search problems. There are
many real-world scenarios where the development of such bespoke systems is entirely appropriate. However, there are other
situations where it would be beneficial to have methodologies which are generally applicable to more problems. One of our
motivating goals for investigating hyper-heuristic methodologies is to provide a more general search framework that can be
easily and automatically employed on a broader range of problems than is currently possible. In this paper, we investigate
a simulated annealing hyper-heuristic methodology which operates on a search space of heuristics and which employs a stochastic
heuristic selection strategy and a short-term memory. The generality and performance of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated
over a large number of benchmark datasets drawn from two very different and difficult problems, namely; course timetabling
and bin packing. The contribution of this paper is to present a method which can be readily (and automatically) applied to
different problems whilst still being able to produce results on benchmark problems which are competitive with bespoke human
designed tailor made algorithms for those problems. 相似文献
498.
499.
Current integer programming solvers fail to decide whether 12 unit cubes can be packed into a 1×1×11 box within an hour using the natural relaxation of Chen/Padberg. We present an alternative relaxation of the problem of packing boxes into a larger box, which makes it possible to solve much larger instances. 相似文献
500.
The acetyl-protected, thiol-terminated ethers AcS(CH(2))(4)O(CH(2))(4)SAc and AcS(CH(2))(2)O(CH(2))(2)O(CH(2))(2)SAc have been synthesised, and a range of related scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM)-based methods have been employed to fabricate and electrically characterise gold | single molecule | gold junctions involving these molecules. The single-molecule conductance values obtained are consistently found to be substantially higher (by a factor of 2-3) than the conductances of analogous alkanedithiols of similar length (HS(CH(2))(9)SH and HS(CH(2))(8)SH, respectively). A rationalisation of these findings is suggested, namely that the lone pair electrons on the oxygen atoms are substantially closer in energy to the Fermi energy of the gold leads than are the occupied and unoccupied states of methylene chains, so that the ether oxygens behave in a manner analogous to 'wells' in a double-tunnelling-barrier system. In agreement with this suggestion, the current-voltage behaviour of the monoether can be fitted using the Simmons approach, and the barrier height is found to be significantly lower than for alkanedithiols of approximately the same length. 相似文献