Synthesis,crystal structures and spectra of Hg(II)-1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane monoxide complexes: Monomer and polymer formation

The reaction of mercury(II) halides with 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane monoxide (dppeO) in 1:1 molar ratio yielded P,O-coordinated polymers having the empirical formula [HgX₂(dppeO)]_n [X = Cl (1), Br (2), I (3)]. In contrast, the reaction between the same reactants in a 1:2 molar ratio yielded the P, P-coordinated monomeric complexes, HgX₂(dppeO)₂[X = Cl (4), Br (5), I (6)]. The structures of 2, 3, 4 and 5 have been characterized crystallographically. The results indicate that the geometry around the mercury atom in each of these molecules is tetrahedral with considerable distortion. The ³¹P NMR spectra of the 1:1 complexes indicate the dissociation of the Hg–O bond in solution.     

Mixed mode axisymmetric annular cracks in a finite layer: Off angle crack initiation

The solutions of axisymmetric Volterra type climb and glide edge dislocations are obtained in a layer by means of the Hankel transforms. Utilizing the same procedure, Green’s function solution is obtained for a layer under self-equilibration normal ring traction. The distributed dislocation technique is used to construct integral equations for a system of co-axial annular cracks where the layer is under axisymmetric normal loads. These equations are solved numerically to obtain dislocation density on the cracks surfaces. The results are employed to determine stress intensity factors for annular and penny-shaped cracks and the interaction between two co-axial penny-shaped cracks is studied. Moreover, the stress intensity factors of the interacting cracks are determined such that they can be further used in conjunction with strain energy density (SED) failure criterion to obtain the possible direction of crack initiation that may not be apparent under mixed mode conditions.     

On the Schröder–Bernstein property for modules

The well known Schröder–Bernstein Theorem states that any two sets with one to one maps into each other are isomorphic. The question of whether any two (subisomorphic or) direct summand subisomorphic algebraic structures are isomorphic, has long been of interest. Kaplansky asked whether direct summands subisomorphic abelian groups are always isomorphic? The question generated a great deal of interest. The study of this question for the general class of modules has been somewhat limited. We extend the study of this question for modules in this paper. We say that a module Msatisfies the Schröder–Bernstein property (S-B property) if any two direct summands of M which are subisomorphic to direct summands of each other, are isomorphic. We show that a large number of classes of modules satisfy the S-B property. These include the classes of quasi-continuous, directly finite, quasi-discrete and modules with ACC on direct summands. It is also shown that over a Noetherian ring R, every extending module satisfies the S-B property. Among applications, it is proved that the class of rings R for which every R-module satisfies the S-B property is precisely that of pure-semisimple rings. We show that over a commutative domain R, any two quasi-continuous subisomorphic R-modules are isomorphic if and only if R is a PID. We study other conditions related to the S-B property and obtain characterizations of certain classes of rings via those conditions. Examples which delimit and illustrate our results are provided.     

Silica-bonded N-propylsulfamic acid as a recyclable catalyst for the synthesis of 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones

2,3-Dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one derivatives are synthesized via a one-pot,three component reaction of isatoic anhydride and an aromatic aldehyde with ammonium acetate or primary amine catalyzed by silica-bonded N-propylsulfamic acid(SBNPSA) in refluxing ethanol.     

Graphs With Few Matching Roots

We determine all graphs whose matching polynomials have at most five distinct zeros. As a consequence, we find new families of graphs which are determined by their matching polynomials.     

Nanostructured Colloidal Solutions of Malachite Green Formulated: Nonlinear Optical Properties and Simulation

Journal of Fluorescence - Malachite green (MG) is a dye that has been presented to use as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Nonlinear absorption coefficient (β) and nonlinear...     

Influence of ionic liquid counterions on activity and selectivity of ethylene trimerization using chromium-based catalysts in biphasic media

In recent years ionic liquids (ILs) have attracted much interest because of their widespread use in various fields. Several trimerization and oligomerization catalysts have been evaluated in ILs with different organic–inorganic hybrid structures. High catalytic activity and selectivity, easy product separation, and recycling of the catalyst are the advantages of a biphasic catalyst system compared to the homogeneous catalysts. In this study, the influence of IL counter-anions on activity and selectivity of the ethylene trimerization catalysts based on Cr-SNS-R was investigated. All synthesized materials were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, UV–Vis. spectroscopy, thin-layer chromatography, and elemental analysis (CHNS). In ethylene trimerization reaction, the dodecyl substituent in the SNS ligand exhibited better activity and selectivity than the butyl substituent. The results revealed that the presence of BF₄⁻ as a counter-anion in the IL led to an increase in activity and selectivity compared to Br⁻ and I⁻ counter-anions. It was found that the BF₄⁻ counter-anion plays a conclusive role in the development of 1-hexene activity and selectivity to a maximum amount of 71,132 g_1-C6/(g_Cr × h) and more than 99%, respectively. Finally, the catalyst was reused thrice without losing its 1-hexene selectivity.     

Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction in water in the presence of robust palladium immobilized on modified magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles as a recoverable catalyst

Aryl halides and especially inactive aryl chlorides were coupled to benzenoid aromatic rings in a Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction in the absence of organic solvents and toxic phosphine ligands. The reaction was catalysed by a recoverable magnetic nanocatalyst, Pd@Fe₃O₄, in aqueous media. This method is green, and the catalyst is easily removed from the reaction media using an external magnetic field and can be re‐used at least 10 times without any considerable loss in its activity. The catalyst was characterized using scanning and transmission electron microscopies, thermogravimetric analysis, inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, CHN analysis, X‐ray diffraction and vibrating sample magnetometry.