Influence of Coulomb Interactions on Dissipative Structures in Reaction-Diffusion Systems

Reaction-Diffusion-Systems with charged particles are considered. Conditions for the appearance of dissipative structures because of disturbances of an uniform initial stationary state in continuous and simple compartment systems are derived. As an example the appearance of a dissipative structure is demonstrated in a simple capacitor model. Based on this effect nonequilibrium electrical cells could be developed.     

K-distributed spatial intensity derivatives in monochromatic speckle patterns

In a monochromatic speckle pattern the spatial derivative of the intensity obeys a laplacian distribution density. When the intensity derivative is measured with a detector of finite area, the measured distribution departs from the ideal laplacian form. Exact expressions are given for the mean and the variance of the measured signal and an approximate form for the probability density is derived consisting of a K-distribution form.     

Pressure Ionization of Atoms in Plasmas

It is shown that the main physical reason leading to the ionization of the atoms in plasmas at high densities (pressures) is the Pauli exclusion principle for the electrons which is responsible for the big spatial extension of atoms. Especially for the example of hydrogen the theory is extended to include those effects. Spatial and energetic variants for the definition of the species atom are discussed. The quantum theory of bound states in plasmas is compared with the classical theory of ion association in electrolytes.     

Synthesis of ζ -pyrromycinone, 7-deoxyauramycinone,and 7-deoxyaklavinone via ketoester cyclizatiON 1)

7,10-O-Dimethyl- ζ -pyrromycinone (78) and the not naturally occurring 7-deoxyanthracyclinones 76 and 77 are prepared via base itinduced cyclization of the ketoesters 73 - 75, and stereoselectively hydroxylated to the 2,4-cis diol 83 and 85.     

Thermodynamic Functions of Nonideal Hydrogen Plasmas

The contribution of the charged components to the thermodynamic functions is analysed on the basis of the present theoretical knowledge. In the high-temperature low-density limit the Debye formula with quantum corrections is used. In the low-temperature high-density limit the Gellman-Brueckner formula for the electrons and a lattice-energy formula for the protons is used. Padée-approximants are constructed which contain these limiting situations as special cases and describe also the region between them in certain aproximation.     

HNC-type approximation for transport processes in electrolytic solutions

On the basis of the diffusion approach in the theory of transport processes of electrolytic solutions we introduce a direct correlation force as a generalization of the direct correlation function in equilibrium. Starting from an approximation for the three-particle distribution function we derive a HNC (hypernetted chain)-type equation for calculation of binary distribution functions in nonequilibrium. The derivation is consistent with equilibrium theory.