Determination of the activity of diamine oxidases, urease and histidine ammonia-lyase by enzymatic assay of ammonia

Summary The activities of diamine oxidases (DAO) from submaxillary glands, parotid glands and kidneys, from human serum during the pregnancy and from pig serum and of DAO from pea seedlings and the activities of urease and histidine ammonia-lyase have been determined by measuring NH₄ ⁺ released from the corresponding substrates. Ammonia has been determined with the aid of glutamate dehydrogenase reaction in the coupled optic test. The specifity and sensitivity of the method, by which still 3×10^–9 Mol of NH₄ ⁺ could be measured, is excellent, the performance simple and rapid. The sensitivity could be enhanced by fluorometric determination of NAD⁺ in strong alkali solution. A method for the preparation of tissues for the spectrophotometric test of DAO is described. The importance of DAO determination in different diseases is briefly discussed.

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Zusammenfassung Die Aktivität von Diaminoxydasen aus Speicheldrüsen und Nieren, aus menschlichem Serum während der Schwangerschaft und Schweineserum und aus Erbsenkeimlingen sowie die Aktivität der Urease und Histidase wurden anhand der NH₃-Abspaltung aus ihren entsprechenden Substraten bestimmt. Das entstehende Ammoniak wurde dabei mit Hilfe der Glutamatdehydrogenasereaktion im gekoppelten optischen Test gemessen. Spezifität und Empfindlichkeit der Methode, mit der noch 3 · 10^–9 Mol NH₄ ⁺ bestimmt werden können, sind ausgezeichnet, die Durchführung einfach und rasch. Die Empfindlichkeit konnte außerdem noch durch die fluorimetrische Bestimmung von NAD⁺ gesteigert werden. Für die Bestimmung der Diaminoxydasen im Gewebe wird eine Methode der Aufarbeitung des Gewebes angegeben, die praktisch keinen Verlust an Gesamtaktivität gegenüber dem Ausgangshomogenat aufweist. Die Bedeutung der Diaminoxydasebestimmung für die Klinik wird kurz diskutiert.

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Supported by a grant from Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.     

Propene polymerization with Ziegler-type catalysts formed from Me2Si(Ind)2ZrMe2 and cation-generating reagents

Kinetic and polymer analytical results obtained with the systems Me₂Si(Ind)₂ZrMe₂/[B(C₆F₄Si(i-Pr)₃)₄]⁻ [(C₆H₅)₃C]⁺ (2) and Me₂Si(Ind)₂ZrMe₂/[B(C₆F₅)₄]⁻ [(C₆H₅)₃C]⁺ (3) in olefin polymerizations are compared (Me: methyl; Ind: indenyl). Both systems show that the polymerization rate increases with increasing metallocene concentration in a surplus due to the formation of binuclear species. The expected influence of increasing cation-anion distance on the stereo-errors of the poly(propylene)s when changing from system 3 into system 2 could not be detected.     

Intermolecular alkyl/aryl exchange of 2-iminothiazoles with isothiocyanates and isocyanates: scopes and limitations

2-Iminothiazole, an isoform of 2-aminothiazole, is a scaffold of synthetic and medicinal significance. We have reported an efficient method by which alkyl group of 2-alkyliminothiazoles is changed into other alkyl groups by isothiocyanates. In this article, a detailed mechanistic aspect, and the scopes and limitations were disclosed. All the reactions were carried out in toluene at 105 °C without any additive. The reaction is a reversible process and the equilibrium is determined by the reactivity of both reactants, in which the more electron-withdrawing alkyl or aryl groups at the 2-imino group or isothiocyanate showed higher reactivities. With this simple method, we effectively altered the alkyl group attached on the imine nitrogen. A synthetic problem in 2-iminothiazole chemistry, synthesis of amino acid-derived 2-iminothiazole was solved in a very simple manner. Using suitably designed 2-iminothiazole substrate, the electrophilic reactivity of various isothiocyanates could be empirically compared by this exchange reaction. Moreover, successful exchange reaction using isocyanates instead of isothiocyanates broadened the utility of this reaction.     

Solution Phase Reactivity of Dibenzo[c,e][1,2]azaborinine: Activation and Insertion into Si-E Single Bonds (E=H,OSi(CH3)3, F,Cl) by a BN-Aryne

The boron-nitrogen analogue of ortho-benzyne, 1,2-azaborinine, is a reactive intermediate that features a formal boron-nitrogen triple bond. We here show by combining experimental and computational techniques that the Lewis acidity of the boron center of dibenzo[c,e][1,2]azaborinine allows interaction with the silicon containing single bonds Si−E through the silicon bonding partner E (E=F, Cl, OR, H). The binding to boron activates the Si−E bonds for subsequent insertion reaction. This shows that the BN-aryne is a ferocious species that even can activate and insert into the very strong Si−F bond.     

Electron microscopic phase analysis of BN-thin films

A series of BN films was deposited by means of r.f. magnetron sputtering of a h-BN target onto Si(1OO) surfaces. Hereby, the substrate bias voltage was varied. Special interest is focussed to the influence of the deposition parameters on the orientation of the growing hexagonal BN film with respect to the substrate. For structural investigation, cross section samples were prepared. In addition to HRTEM and diffraction investigations, especially electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) was applied successfully for phase identification. For negative bias voltages of U _B =–300 V and U _B =–350V, we found a phase system consisting of a first-grown 25 nm thick layer of hexagonal structure with the c axis parallel to the substrate surface followed by the cubic phase.Dedicated to Professor Dr. rer. nat. Dr. h.c. Hubertus Nickel on the occasion of his 65th birthday