Can core allocations be achieved in avoidable fixed cost environments using two-part price competition?

Two environments are studied in which sellers have only avoidable fixed costs and fixed capacities: (a) in the first, the core exists and is supportable by a competitive equilibrium; (b) in the second, the core exists but there is no competitive equilibrium. In both cases, demand price is constant up to capacity. Experiments using the double auction institution fail to converge to 100% efficiency allocations in either environment. We study a new mechanism in which sellers each submit fixed vendor's fees, which must be paid before units can be sold, as well as a price and corresponding maximum quantity. Buyers submit price-quantity bids. A computing center determines allocations that maximize the aggregate surplus subject to the price, quantity, and vendor fee constraints. We report 20 experiments: 5 inexperienced (45 periods) and 5 experienced (75 periods) subject groups in each of the designs (a) and (b). Buyers are simulated to be fully revealing. The same four sellers participate in both inexperienced and experienced sessions. We explain why this environment proves difficult in these experiments and what we intend to do about it in further iterations.     

Theory of spin-resolved photoemission from Fe at finite temperature: The disordered local moment picture

We present first principles calculations of the spin and angle-resolved photoemission spectra for Fe(100) at T = 0 and T = T_c, based on the KKRCPA treatment of the disordered local moment model. At T = 0 the calculations are in generally good agreement with experiment, and are shown to be quite sensitive to the surface potential and magnetisation. The high T calculations are also consistent with existing data, and a strong photon polarisation dependence is predicted as a consequence of the different exchange splitting of the T_2g and E_g states.     

An XPS investigation of the electronic structure in AgZn

We have calculated the densities of states in ordered (CsCl) and disordered (bcc) AgZn using first-principles SCF-LMTO-ASA and KKRCPA techniques. We obtain good agreement between calculated XPS photocurrent spectra and experimental measurements in the valence band region. As far as we can determine there are no shifts of the Ag nor Zn core levels on alloying.     

A new electron spectrometer design:II

A novel charged particle energy analyzer of simple geometry is described. Expressions for the potential distribution and electric field components defined by the geometry are given. A raytrace program using these components is discussed and results of its application are presented in graphical and tabular form. Also presented are experimental results for two versions of the analyzer in the form of representative spectra of well known species (Ar⁺, H₂⁺, O₂⁺). Finally, a comparison of the new instrument with the well known cylindrical mirror analyzer is outlined which suggests the superiority of the new instrument under the specific conditions given.     

Untersuchung von Bier und Apfelwein

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Reducing fragmentation observed in the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometric analysis of triacylglycerols in vegetable oils

Edible oils consist primarily of triacylglycerols (TAGs). Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectra of the oils are typically dominated by sodium adducts of these TAGs but also show prominent fragment ions (that do not contain sodium), which can interfere with analytical measurements of other components in oils. The fragments seemingly correspond to the loss of a fatty acid moiety from the sodiated TAGs as a sodium salt: RCOONa. However, a previous study suggested that the fragments actually arise from nearly complete fragmentation of unseen protonated TAGs. These authors suggested that the fragmentation occurs so rapidly and completely that protonated TAGs are not normally observed in the spectra of these oils. In this paper, we present evidence to support their theory and also demonstrate an approach to eliminate these interfering ions from the MALDI-TOF mass spectra via addition of a base to the matrix/sample mixture. The added base does not impede formation of the sodiated TAGs, but does significantly reduce the amount of fragments observed. We propose that this occurs by depleting the H+ ions from the matrix, thus preventing the formation of significant numbers of protonated TAGs in the first place. For measurements by MALDI-TOF, the relative abundances of the fragment ions are related to the strength of the base, and can be almost completely eliminated. However, in longer time-scale experiments such as in post-source decay and Fourier transform mass spectrometry, sodiated and non-sodiated diacylglycerol (DAG)-like fragments are present in spectra, regardless of whether or not a base is added to the sample.     

Erratum: A life cycle framework for the investigation of environmentally benign nanoparticles and products [Phys. Status Solidi RRL 5, No. 9, 312–317 (2011)]

The name of a further author and contributor to this work, Roland Clift , has been added to the author list of the article in agreement with all co‐authors. It had been inadvertently omitted from the original version of the paper (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)