Cyanine dyes from 8,9-dihydro-11H-naphtho[2′,1′:4,5]thiazolo[2,3-c][1,4]oxazinium salts

The condensation of the anhydride of diglycolic acid with 2-aminothionaphthol has given naphtho[2,1-d]thiazol-2-ylmethoxyacetic acid, from which esters and the amide and hydrazide have been obtained. The lithium tetrahydroaluminate reduction of the methyl ester of the acid has given a carbinol which has been converted by reaction with phosphorus tribromide and subsequent heating into 8,9-dihydro-11H-naphtho[2,14,5]thiazolo[2,3-c][1,4]oxazinium bromide. From this quaternary salt have been synthesized cyanine dyes, the deep coloration of which is due to the strong electron-donating action of the substituent in the a position of the polymethine chromophore.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 9, pp. 1258–1261, September, 1973.     

Determination of indium by hydride generation and atomic-absorption spectrometry

Conditions are presented for the determination of indium by atomic-absorption spectrometry following hydride generation. Indium hydride produced by addition of sodium borohydride to a solution of indium in 3M hydrochloric acid is flushed with argon into an electrically heated silica tube. The mass of indium giving 1 % absorption is 0.3 mug.     

T-product of hypoelliptic operators

Asymptotics as t0 for the solution of the Cauchy problem for hypoelliptic equations are obtained. Using these results, the existence of the T-product for hypoelliptic operators is proved as is a theorem on the removal of autonomous brackets in the T-product.Translated from Itogi i Nauki i Tekhniki, Sovremennye Problemy Matematiki, Vol. 8, pp. 137–197, 1977.     

Charged particle evaporation from compound nuclei formed by bombardment of58Ni with 70 MeV16O ions II

The experimental data have been compared with the result of extensive compound nucleus calculations based on the statistical theory. The shapes and the absolute cross sections for the high energy parts of the proton- and -spectra are reproduced with a level density parametera 0·11 A MeV^–1 and a moment of inertiaJ1·3J _rig. The same parameters fairly well reproduce the angular distributions corresponding to the high energy parts of the spectra whereas deviations between theory and experiment are observed for the lower energies where particles emitted by higher order processes contribute. The observed total cross section for emission of an -particle is 500 mb or 1·7 times calculated value. For protons the corresponding numbers are 2313 mb and 3·0. The increase in cross section is ascribed to the process in which several particles are evaporated. Various methods are discussed for determination of the average orbital angular momentum of the emitted particle or the average spin of the daughter nucleus.On leave fromFaculty of Matematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czechoslovakia.     

Test of 600 and 750 MeV NN matrix on elastic scattering Glauber model calculations

The 600 and 750 MeV proton nucleus elastic scattering cross section and polarization calculations have been performed in the framework of the Glauber model to test the pp and pn scattering amplitudes deduced from a phase shift analysis by Bystricky, Lechanoine and Lehar. It is well known that up to now we do not possess a non-phenomenological NN scattering matrix at intermediate energies. However proton-nucleus scattering analyses are used to extract information about short range correlations¹), Δ resonance²) or pion condensation presences)... etc. Most scattering calculations made at these energies have been done with phenomenological NN amplitudes having a gaussian q-dependence $$A(q) = \frac{{k\sigma }}{{4\pi }}(\alpha + i) e^{ - \beta ^2 q^2 /2} $$ and $$C(q) = \frac{{k\sigma }}{{4\pi }}iq(\alpha + i) D_e - \beta ^2 q^2 /2$$ K andσ being respectively the projectile momentum and the total pN total cross section. The parameters α, β and D are badly known and are adjusted by fitting some specific reactions as p+⁴He elastic scattering⁴). Even when these amplitudes provide good fits to the data, our understanding of the dynamics of the scattering remains obscure.     

Dimensional Hume-Rothery factor and shear stability of bcc solid solutions

The relation between the elastic shear constants and the dimensional Hume-Rothery factor is traced on the basis of the pseudopotential method for a number of bcc solid solutions AB. It is clarified that in the case of a substantial difference between the atomic volumes _A and _B, the constant c=(c₁₁-c₁₂)/2 takes on anomalously low values and even vanishes. The conclusion is hence made that the explanation of the 15% Hume-Rothery rule is possible from the aspect of stability of the crystalline lattice to shear. The presence of lattice distortion is not needed here in principle, as had been assumed earlier. It is shown that ordering of atoms according to the CsCl type can result in an abrupt increase in the value of c, i.e., in stabilizing the lattice of the initial disordered solid solution.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 3, pp. 97–102, March, 1980.     

Production of scalar particles in cosmological models

The mean number of particles produced in a space-time with the metric ds²=dt²–t² (dx²+dy²)–Kt²dz²(=1/t², 1) is calculated. It is shown that the produced particles are described by a Bose-Einstein distribution with a certain temperature.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 7, pp. 3–6, July, 1980.I thank D. M. Gitman and V. P. Frolov for discussing a number of questions touched upon in the paper.     

Influence of the surface anisotropy on the ground state of thin ferromagnetic films

A study is made of the ground state of a ferromagnetic film with a surface anisotropy which varies within wide limits from the easy-plane to the easy-axis type (– < 4) and with a bulk anisotropy of the easy-axis type ( 4). A rigorous analytic solution of the problem is given. The formulas obtained make it possible to calculate the distribution of the magnetization across the thickness of the film as a function of the parameters of the system. It is shown that there are two phase transitions from an inhomogeneous to a homogeneous state.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 7, pp. 71–76, July, 1980.The authors are grateful to B. A. Ivanov for his valuable comments and discussion of the results obtained.     

Numerically exact solvable random-bond Ising model

Exact free energies are calculated numerically for aL×L-Ising lattice (L800) with constant nearest neighbour coupling between adjacent columns and random n.n. coupling between adjacent rows. For the latter a gaussian and a double-peaked -distribution are investigated. The result should be useful as a check of the controversially discussed replica trick [1]. In agreement with the numerical treatment a mean field approximation shows a transition to a spinglass phase.     

Kinetic properties of the alloy NiMn in the B2 phase

The electron energy spectrum of the B2 phase of NiMn was calculated by the nonself-consistent MI KKP method. Calculations were carried out for the electronic density of states, the cross sections of the Fermi surface, and the temperature dependences of the resistivity and the thermoelectromotive force S. Experimental measurements were made of and S in the region of existence of the B2 phase. Satisfactory agreement was obtained between the calculated dependences of and S and the experimental data.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 10, pp. 23–26, October, 1981.The authors are grateful to I. N. Fedyainova for assistance in calculating the kinetic coefficients.