有机成分标准物质的研究

列出了国家标准物质研究中心最近研制的有机成分标准物质。高纯度、定值准确可靠、良好的溯源性和系列性是这些标准物质的特点。对其应用作了介绍,并指出了将来的研究方向。     

牙本质中天冬氨酸消旋化程度的测定——手性毛细管气相色谱法与高效液相色谱法的比较

应用手性毛细管气相色谱法（酸性异丙醇、三氟乙酸酐为衍生试剂）、高效液相色谱法（邻苯二甲醛－Ｎ－乙酰－Ｌ－半胱氨酸为手性衍生试剂）同时测定人类第一磨牙牙本质中天冬氨酸的消旋化程度，结果表明，两者均可有效地用于天冬氨酸对映体的分离测定，但气相色谱检测限（０．２ｐｍｏｌ）低于高效液相色谱（１．０ｐｍｏｌ），而变异系数（７％）、总分析时间（１００ｍｉｎ）均高于高效液相色谱（分别对应为４％，３１ｍｉｎ）。     

Knoevenagel Condensation of Acetylacetone with AldehydesCatalyzed by a New Catalyst Indium Trichloride

Duringthepastdecade,considerableattentionhasbeenfocusedontheorganoindiumchemistry.'AhandfulofpaPersontheaPplicationofallylindinmreagefltsandindinmpowdermediatedorganicreactionwerereported.'Mostrecelltly,indiumtfichloridehasbeenusedinorganicsynthesis.ForexamPle,InCl3-Me3SiClsystemhasbeenusedtopromotetheMukaiyamaaldolreaction,'Whiletheadditionofallylicstannanestoalde-hydespromotedbyInCl3hasalsobeenreported.'ItwasindicatedthatasanewLewisacidpromoter,InCl3mayreplacetheotherLewisacidssuchasB…     

金属硫蛋白加质子常数及与Cd(II)络合常数测定

用pH计和Cd离子选择电极测定了金属硫蛋白的加质子常数及其与Cd(Ⅱ)的络合常数, 用改进的简化络合模型处理实验结果, 得到了去金属硫蛋白(apo MT)中6类不同的加质子基团的数目及其加质子常数。对Cd(Ⅱ)滴定数据的计算表明, MT中两个结构域——α和β对Cd(Ⅱ)的络合常数相差约1000倍。从热力学定量描述了MT中两个结构域结合金属离子选择优先顺序。     

色谱载体用硅球接枝键合相接枝度的测定

本文用热分析、元素分析及溶液吸附三种方法,对不同浓度的γ-GOPS水溶液与硅球表面接枝键合相的系列样品进行接枝度的测定。认为热分析方法是测定硅胶表面接枝度的适用方法。元素分析误差大,数值偏高。溶液吸附法只能作为比较对硅胶表面接枝量大小的相对方法。     

大蒜对硒的吸收及硒对大蒜生长的影响

在培养液中添加不同浓度的Ｎａ２ＳｅＯ３研究大蒜对硒的吸收以及吸收的硒对大蒜生长的影响。结果表明，大蒜对硒具有很强的生物富集作用，总硒含量为对照的６２２倍，当添加１ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＮａ２ＳｅＯ３时，有机化程度最主达７８．２４％，另外吸收的硒影响大蒜的生长，低浓度硒促进大蒜生长，１ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＮａ２ＳｅＯ为最适的促进生长浓度，并能提高大蒜中的蛋白质，可溶性糖，ＤＮＡ，ＲＮＡ含量，大蒜可作为补硒和高营养价值     

Cr/MCM-41催化剂上的乙烯聚合行为

以纯硅ＭＣＭ４１为载体，负载Ｐｈｉｌｉｐｓ烯烃聚合催化剂活性组分Ｃｒ．ＸＲＤ及ＴＥＭ表征结果表明，所得到的Ｃｒ／ＭＣＭ４１催化剂具有良好的晶体结构和较理想的长程有序一维孔道．ＦＴＩＲ和Ｒａｍａｎ光谱表征结果表明，Ｃｒ／ＭＣＭ４１上不仅可发生乙烯聚合过程，而且形成的聚乙烯以结晶和无定形两种形态存在．乙烯聚合活性不仅与反应参数有关，而且与Ｃｒ的负载量密切相关．用于乙烯聚合后，Ｃｒ／ＭＣＭ４１催化剂仍保持其特征的晶体结构和一维孔道结构．     

Y型分子筛骨架外阳离子行为的FT-FIR研究

应用付里叶变换远红外光谱（ＦＴ－ＦＩＲ）方法研究了ＮＨ＾＋４交换、Ｎａ＾＋反交换和不同水蒸汽处理条件对ＮａＹ分子筛骨架外阳离子的影响。结果表明，在ＮＨ＾＋４、Ｎａ＾＋阳离子交换过程中，六方柱笼中Ⅰ位竞争激烈，积极参与交换。骨架外阳离子受影响较大，升温过程中分子筛空穴的吸附水被除去的同时阳离子发生了重新分布。较高温度下分子筛发生脱结构羟基，生成多种形式的铝阳离子。     

液相色谱串联质谱法同时测定垃圾渗滤液中的邻苯二甲酸酯和烷基酚

利用反相液相色谱-电喷雾-串联质谱法同时分析了水体中的6种邻苯二甲酸酯(DMP、DEP、DBP、DEHP、DOP和DNP)以及OP、NP和BPA。用Waters XTerraTMMS C18色谱柱,乙腈和乙酸铵溶液作为梯度洗脱的流动相。结果表明,9种物质的分离效果良好,邻菲二甲酸酯采用亚离子模式检测,烷基酚采用负离子模式检测。通过多反应监测模式(MRM)对各目标物进行定量,检出限为0.1~1μg/L。该方法已用于北京某垃圾填埋场渗滤液中相关物质的检测,结果表明:原水中邻苯二甲酸酯和烷基酚的总浓度为218~291μg/L,其中主要是DEHP。垃圾渗滤液处理工艺对这些物质有明显的去除效果。     

Role of Bipolar Pulsed DBD on the Growth of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Microcystis aeruginosa</Emphasis> in Three-Phase Discharge Plasma Reactor

Algae in drinking water supplies often bring about impact on the water treatment. In this study, a bipolar pulsed dielectric barrier discharge system in three-phase discharge plasma reactor was constructed for investigating its ability to control excessive growth of cyanobacteria, Microcystis aeruginosa. Experimental results show there was almost no change in optical density immediately after the interruption of electrical discharge, but the decreasing trend of optical density, cell density and chlorophyll-a content was obvious during the incubation period, indicating a significant residual effect of electrical discharge process on the algal growth inhibition. Scanning electron microscopy investigation of algae revealed surface damage, apparent leakage of intracellular contents and pores formed after electrical discharge process, which showed that algal cells had no potential to survive and grow. Compared with the control sample, it was observed that electrical discharge on the algal extracellular products has almost no residual effect and the growth rate of algae slightly decreased before three days storage. Hydrogen peroxide was produced by electrical discharge in the μM level and showed a first-order decay. But at such level, the external addition of hydrogen peroxide alone is not likely to cause the residual effect. These results implicated that the growth inhibition of M. aeruginosa was mainly caused by electrical discharge process, and it made the algal cells lose ability to survive, demonstrating the considerable potential of such an alternative process for efficient water purification.