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11.
The effects of stimulus frequency and intensity on response patterns (PST histograms) to tone burst stimulation were examined in differently tuned saccular fibers of the goldfish. In addition, the sensitivity of these fibers to amplitude-modulated (AM) signals of different carrier frequencies was measured. The response patterns evoked by unmodulated signals were a complex function of tuning, spontaneous activity and sensitivity of the fiber, and the frequency and intensity of the signal. Frequency-dependent response patterns were found in low-frequency fibers with best frequencies (BF) below 200 Hz. Responses in these fibers ranged from tonic to phasic in nonspontaneous fibers and included more complex patterns in spontaneously active fibers, such as suppression of evoked activity below spontaneous levels. Midfrequency fibers (BF = 500-600 Hz) showed responses similar to those in low-frequency fibers, but with less dependence on frequency. In contrast, both high-frequency (BF = 800-1000 Hz) and wideband, untuned fibers showed frequency-invariant patterns of adaptation. High-frequency fibers were equally sensitive to AM signals at all frequencies tested. The sensitivity of low-frequency fibers to AM, however, increased as a function of carrier frequency and corresponded to the degree of adaptation in response to unmodulated tones. In general, the AM sensitivity of a fiber could be predicted more by its pattern of response to unmodulated signals than by its tuning characteristics. 相似文献
12.
Glow Discharge Yuan Mei Douglas C. Duckworth Paula R. Cable R. Kenneth Marcus 《Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry》1994,5(9):845-851
Collision-induced dissociation (CID) of polyatomic ions sampled from an rf-powered glow discharge is examined by using three target gases including atomic (Ar and Xe) and molecular species (N2). Collisions with these targets in the first quadrupole of the double quadrupole system result in the loss of discharge species by dissociation, symmetric and asymmetric charge exchange, and scattering, each to varying degrees. These processes are seen to be a function of the relative mass, size... and ionization potentials of the target species, as well as the collision center-of-mass energies. In light of the comparisons, xenon appears to be the best collision target for both CID and charge exchange because of its relatively low ionization potential and high dissociation efficiency of polyatornic species. Evidence for both symmetric and asymmetric charge exchange is presented for Ar and Xe target gases. 相似文献
13.
We consider the minimum number of edges in ak-edge-connected graph of ordern with chromatic number at leastc, obtaining the optimal bounds in most cases. 相似文献
14.
Renewal systems are symbolic dynamical systems originally introduced by Adler. IfW is a finite set of words over a finite alphabetA, then the renewal system generated byW is the subshiftX
W ⊂A
Z formed by bi-infinite concatenations of words fromW. Motivated by Adler’s question of whether every irreducible shift of finite type is conjugate to a renewal system, we prove
that for every shift of finite type there is a renewal system having the same entropy. We also show that every shift of finite
type can be approximated from above by renewal systems, and that by placing finite-type constraints on possible concatenations,
we obtain all sofic systems.
The authors were supported in part by NFS grants DMS-8706284, DMS-8814159 and DMS-8820716. 相似文献
15.
Alick KT Law Deepak Gupta Shawn Levy Douglas C Wallace Robert J McKeon Charles R Buck 《BMC neuroscience》2004,5(1):1
Background
The adenine nucleotide translocator 1 (Ant1) is an inner mitochondrial membrane protein involved with energy mobilization during oxidative phosphorylation. We recently showed that rodent Ant1 is upregulated by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) in reactive astrocytes following CNS injury. In the present study, we describe the molecular mechanisms by which TGF-β1 regulates Ant1 gene expression in cultured primary rodent astrocytes. 相似文献16.
17.
If a and b are trace-class operators, and if u is a partial isometry, then , where ∥⋅∥1 denotes the norm in the trace class. The present paper characterises the cases of equality in this Young inequality, and
the characterisation is examined in the context of both the operator and the Hilbert–Schmidt forms of Young's inequality.
Received: 20 December 2001 / Revised version: 11 July 2002 / Published online: 10 February 2003
Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): 47A63, 15A60 相似文献
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20.
Douglas M. Ruthven 《Adsorption》2007,13(3-4):225-230
Diffusion of benzene and the xylene isomers in silicalite/HZSM-5 has been studied by a wide range of different experimental
techniques. The available data are reviewed in an attempt to draw general conclusions concerning the intracrystalline diffusion
process. The results for benzene are remarkably consistent, and the conformity between transport and tracer diffusion and
between single crystal membrane and ZLC and frequency response data suggests that diffusion is essentially isotropic with
no significant difference between the self and “corrected” transport diffusivity. The situation is more complex for p-xylene
which shows clear evidence of non-isotropic behavior and a significant difference between tracer and transport diffusivities. 相似文献