Synthesis of perylene-bridged bis(dibenzo-24-crown-8) and its assembly behavior with a fullerene-based secondary dibenzylammonium salt

This paper reports the synthesis of a perylene-bridged bis(crown ether) through the condensation reaction between primary amine-armed dibenzo-24-crown-8 and 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride. Pseudorotaxane with a perylene moiety at the wheel and a fullerene unit in the middle of the axle was prepared, which was evidenced by ¹H NMR and fluorescence experiments. Subsequent investigations show that the formation and disassociation of the pseudorotaxane can be controlled by the alternating addition of KPF₆ and 18-crown-6, following the change of the florescence intensity of perylene.

     

Preparation and evaluation of amphiphilic silica‐based monolithic column having surface‐bound octanoyl‐aminopropyl moieties for capillary electrochromatography

A novel amphiphilic silica‐based monolithic column having surface‐bound octanoyl‐aminopropyl moieties was successfully prepared by a one‐step in situ derivatization process. As expected, the amphiphilic monolithic column exhibited RP chromatographic behavior toward non‐polar solutes (e.g., alkyl benzenes) with high column performance. As the pH of the buffer inside the column increases, the EOF changed from −2.65×10⁻⁸m² V⁻¹s⁻¹ at pH 3.0 to 1.20×10⁻⁸ m² V⁻¹s⁻¹ at pH 8.0 with the reversion of EOF at about pH 6.4. Using acidic mobile phase, five aromatic acids can be efficiently separated in less than 6 min under co‐EOF conditions. For basic compounds, symmetrical peaks were obtained due to the existence of hydrophilic acyl amide group, which can effectively minimize the adsorption of the positively charged basic analyte to the silica‐based surface of the capillary column.     

Rapid magnetic solid-phase extraction based on magnetite/silica/poly(methacrylic acid–co–ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) composite microspheres for the determination of sulfonamide in milk samples

A novel magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) sorbent, magnetite/silica/poly (methacrylic acid–co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/P(MAA-co-EGDMA)), was developed. This MSPE material was prepared by distillation–precipitation polymerization of MAA and EGDMA in the presence of Fe₃O₄/SiO₂ microspheres with the surface containing abundant reactive double bonds. The resultant sorbent material was characterized by elemental analysis, electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy. In this work, eleven sulfonamides (SAs) were selected as model analytes to validate the extraction performance of this new MSPE sorbent. Noticeably, the extraction can be carried out quickly, the extraction time for the SAs onto Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/P(MAA-co-EGDMA) sorbent can be clearly shortened to 0.5 min. The desorption solution of SAs was analyzed by LC–MS/MS, and the results showed that the recoveries of these compounds were in the range of 87.6–115.6%, with relative standard deviations ranging between 0.9% and 10.8%; the limit of detection were in the range of 0.5–49.5 ng/L.     

Formaldehyde removal by Rayon-based activated carbon fibers modified by <Emphasis Type="Italic">P</Emphasis>-aminobenzoic acid

We impregnated Rayon-based activated carbon fibers (ACFs) by p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and systematically investigated their porous structure, surface chemistry, and formaldehyde removal behavior. Using standard nitrogen adsorption analysis, we found that the specific surface area, the micropore volume, and the total pore volume decreased with increasing concentration of PABA. Through elemental analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, it was found that some nitrogen-containing functional groups presented on the surface of modified Rayon ACFs. The modified Rayon-based ACFs showed much higher adsorption capacity and longer breakthrough time for formaldehyde than did as-prepared Rayon-based ACF. We proposed that the improvement of formaldehyde removal by modified ACFs was attributed to the combined effects of physisorption contributed by pore structures and chemisorption contributed by the N-containing functional groups, whereas there was only physisorption between the as-prepared ACF and formaldehyde molecules.     

Dopant effect and characterization of polypyrrole-cellulose composites prepared by in situ polymerization process

Polypyrrole (PPy)-cellulose composites were prepared by in situ polymerization of pyrrole in pulp suspension using ferric chloride as an oxidant. Some sulfonic compounds including p-toluenesulfonic acid and its sodium salt (PTSA and PTSA-Na), benzenesulfonic acid (BSA), dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid and its sodium salt (DBSA and DBSA-Na), 2-naphthalene sulfonic acid (NSA) and 9,10-anthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid sodium salt (AQSA-Na) were used as dopants, and their effect on the conductivity of PPy-cellulose composite was investigated. The results showed that the species and dose of dopants had significant effect on the surface resistivity and environmental stability of PPy-cellulose composite. As the dopant, PTSA and DBSA had a superior doping effect compared to their sodium salts. The doping result of BSA was close to that of PTSA. NSA bearing a naphthalene ring and AQSA-Na bearing an anthraquinone ring gave the best conductivity. Using NSA or AQSA-Na as a dopant, along with suitable polymerization conditions, the PPy-cellulose composite obtained showed a surface resistivity as low as 20 Ω cm⁻². For most dopants, the lowest surface resistivity could be obtained when the molar ratio of dopant to pyrrole was 1:1. Both ATR-FTIR (attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) and XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) analysis confirmed that the PPy on pulp fibers doped with PTSA, PTSA-Na, NSA and AQSA-Na had different doping levels. The higher doping level of the PPy in the composites doped with NAS and AQSA-Na might be related to the stronger interaction of cellulose with PPy chains. Both SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and AFM (atomic force microscopy) observation revealed the fine grain microstructure of the PPy on the composites with average grain sizes in the range of 100–200 nm, and the PPy on the samples doped with NSA and AQSA-Na exhibited quite different morphology as compared to those doped with PTSA and its sodium salt.     

Simultaneous Analysis of Zofenopril and Its Active Metabolite Zofenoprilat in Human Plasma by LC–ESI-MS Using Pre-Column Derivatization with p-Bromophenacyl Bromide

Zofenoprilat is an active metabolite of zofenopril, which is very unstable in plasma because of oxidative degradation of its thiol group. In this method, p-bromophenacyl bromide was used as derivatization reagent, immediately after plasma separation, to react with the free thiol group of zofenoprilat and form the derivative zofenoprilat-p-BPB. After acidification with 50% acetic acid, the derivatized plasma samples were extracted with methyl tert-butyl ether and separated on a C₁₈ column with 40:60 (v/v) 10 mM ammonium acetate buffer solution containing 0.1% formic acid–acetonitrile as mobile phase. Calibration plots were linear over the concentration range 1–500 ng mL⁻¹ for zofenopril and 2–1,800 ng mL⁻¹ for zofenoprilat. The method was successfully used to study the bioavailability of zofenopril calcium capsules relative to that of zofenopril calcium tablets in healthy Chinese volunteers.

     

Amphiphilic silica nanoparticles as pseudostationary phase for capillary electrophoresis separation

Amphiphilic silica nanoparticles surface-functionalized by 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and octyltriethoxylsilane (OTES) were successfully prepared and characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) and thermogravimetry (TG) techniques. The potential use of these bifunctionalized nanoparticles as pseudostationary phases (PSPs) in capillary electrophoresis (CE) for the separation of charged and neutral compounds was evaluated in terms of their suitability. As expected, fast separation of representative aromatic acids was fulfilled with high separation efficiency, because they migrate in the same direction with the electroosmotic flow (EOF) under optimum experimental conditions. Using a buffer solution of 30mmol/L phosphate (pH 3.0) in the presence of 0.5mg/mL of the synthesized bifunctionalized nanoparticles, the investigated basic compounds were baseline-resolved with symmetrical peaks. Due to the existence of amino groups on the surface of nanoparticles, "silanol effect" that occurs between positively charged basic analytes and the silanols on the inner surface of capillary was greatly suppressed. Furthermore, the separation systems also exhibited reversed-phase (RP) behavior when neutral analytes were tested.     

荧光偏振技术分析全血XPD基因单核苷酸多态性的研究

将荧光偏振与非对称基因扩增技术联用,建立了可用于检测全血XPD基因单核苷酸多态性的新方法。用不等量(1∶5)的XPD基因上、下游引物对含单核苷酸多态性位点的目的片段进行非对称扩增,再用两种单核苷酸多态性序列特异的荧光标记探针对扩增产物进行检测。由于扩增得到的单链片段能够与各自不同的荧光标记探针特异结合,使荧光标记分子的分子量增加,偏振值(FP)增高。通过检测增高的FP值,可确定目的片段单核苷酸多态性。采用本方法对98例全血的XPD基因第751位密码子进行了单核苷酸多态性分析,并与传统的荧光偏振检测方法进行了比较,取得满意结果。     

室温下钯-金属酞菁/分子筛复合催化剂催化甲烷选择氧化制甲醇

 在交换了 Fe2+, Co2+或 Cu2+的 Y 型分子筛上, 采用苯酐-尿素固相合成法制备了组装在 Y 型分子筛超笼中的金属酞菁类催化剂. 以 H2O2 为氧化剂, 考察了该金属酞菁/分子筛复合物上甲烷选择氧化制甲醇反应的性能, 并优化了反应条件. 结果表明, 在室温下, 金属酞菁/分子筛复合催化剂 FePc/Y, CoPc/Y 和 CuPc/Y 对 H2O2 氧化甲烷反应均有催化作用. 在这些复合物上进一步担载可催化 H2O2 原位生成的 Pd, Au 或 PdAu 贵金属, 并考察了其催化分子氧选择氧化甲烷反应的性能. 贵金属与金属酞菁/分子筛复合催化剂的偶合实现了室温下分子氧对甲烷的活化. 其中, Pd 与 CuPc/Y 间的协同效应使得室温下甲烷选择氧化反应活性有了较大提高.     

铜催化的乙酰苯胺间位碳氢芳基化反应机理的理论研究

通过系统的理论计算研究了Gaunt报道的一个新颖的间位选择性C-H键芳基化反应的机理. Oxycupration机理含有一个关键的Cu(III)基团和酰胺氧原子对苯环C2=C3键的反式加成步. 但是计算结果表明这个反应路径的活化能太高(>175.56 kJ/mol),所以是动力学禁阻的. 提出了一个含有关键的酰胺导向的Cu(III)-Aryl对底物C2=C3键的顺式加成步的机理,这一步是反应的决速步,也是决定产物区域选择性的一步. 这个机理的活化能与实验条件是符合的,而且这个机理预测的产物区域选择性与实验