全文获取类型
收费全文 | 27787篇 |
免费 | 4579篇 |
国内免费 | 2861篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 18385篇 |
晶体学 | 267篇 |
力学 | 1920篇 |
综合类 | 217篇 |
数学 | 3413篇 |
物理学 | 11025篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 106篇 |
2023年 | 592篇 |
2022年 | 1067篇 |
2021年 | 1101篇 |
2020年 | 1101篇 |
2019年 | 1041篇 |
2018年 | 972篇 |
2017年 | 919篇 |
2016年 | 1345篇 |
2015年 | 1302篇 |
2014年 | 1537篇 |
2013年 | 2063篇 |
2012年 | 2426篇 |
2011年 | 2447篇 |
2010年 | 1638篇 |
2009年 | 1595篇 |
2008年 | 1740篇 |
2007年 | 1497篇 |
2006年 | 1371篇 |
2005年 | 1162篇 |
2004年 | 864篇 |
2003年 | 693篇 |
2002年 | 619篇 |
2001年 | 518篇 |
2000年 | 518篇 |
1999年 | 630篇 |
1998年 | 530篇 |
1997年 | 522篇 |
1996年 | 488篇 |
1995年 | 464篇 |
1994年 | 385篇 |
1993年 | 345篇 |
1992年 | 285篇 |
1991年 | 251篇 |
1990年 | 238篇 |
1989年 | 186篇 |
1988年 | 145篇 |
1987年 | 124篇 |
1986年 | 93篇 |
1985年 | 94篇 |
1984年 | 63篇 |
1983年 | 50篇 |
1982年 | 52篇 |
1981年 | 22篇 |
1980年 | 12篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1959年 | 1篇 |
1957年 | 7篇 |
1936年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
931.
Renlong Zhou Xiaoshuang Chen Bingju Zhou Xiaojuan Liu Hui Deng Zhibin Deng Guozheng Nie Lingxi Wu Yongyi Gao 《Solid State Communications》2012,152(13):1186-1190
The coupled-nanowire plasmatic resonances and very strong negative electromagnetic force between the double-layer metallic nanowire arrays is investigated theoretically. The negative electromagnetic force indicates attractive interaction between the metallic nanowires with the air-gap cavity local resonance effect. Plasmon resonances lead to extremely large localized ?eld, thereby resulting in large mutual coupling forces between the double-layer metallic nanowire arrays. The light coupling into metallic microcavity can stimulate collective electron oscillations of plasmatic resonance, and cause the contraction of the negative pressure in metallic cavity wall. The electromagnetic field of the plasmatic resonance mode is mainly localized inside the air-gap region between the two wires. 相似文献
932.
Kai Zhou Mustafa R. Kılınç Xi Chen Nikolaos V. Sahinidis 《Journal of Global Optimization》2018,70(3):497-516
Solving mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problems to optimality is a NP-hard problem, for which many deterministic global optimization algorithms and solvers have been recently developed. MINLPs can be relaxed in various ways, including via mixed-integer linear programming (MIP), nonlinear programming, and linear programming. There is a tradeoff between the quality of the bounds and CPU time requirements of these relaxations. Unfortunately, these tradeoffs are problem-dependent and cannot be predicted beforehand. This paper proposes a new dynamic strategy for activating and deactivating MIP relaxations in various stages of a branch-and-bound algorithm. The primary contribution of the proposed strategy is that it does not use meta-parameters, thus avoiding parameter tuning. Additionally, this paper proposes a strategy that capitalizes on the availability of parallel MIP solver technology to exploit multicore computing hardware while solving MINLPs. Computational tests for various benchmark libraries reveal that our MIP activation strategy works efficiently in single-core and multicore environments. 相似文献
933.
Nan Zhou Gang Chen Xi Yang Xiaosong Zhang 《Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids》2012,73(2):280-287
In this paper, 3-D flower-like crystal of PbTe was successfully synthesized using Pb(CH3COO)2·3H2O and Na2TeO3 as precursors under hydrothermal conditions, and characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD). The reaction parameters that influenced the evolution of PbTe synthesis and morphology were investigated. It was shown that the flower-like crystal of PbTe was composed of a nucleus with eight pods. A possible growth mechanism was proposed based on the calculation of the surface energies of PbTe and the SEM observation. Furthermore, the temperature-dependent transport properties of 3-D flower-like crystal of PbTe specimen have been evaluated with an average thermoelectric power of 120 S cm?1 and electrical conductivity of 220 μV K?1 at 740 K. 相似文献
934.
It is well known that trust region methods are very effective for optimization problems. In this article, a new adaptive trust region method is presented for solving unconstrained optimization problems. The proposed method combines a modified secant equation with the BFGS updated formula and an adaptive trust region radius, where the new trust region radius makes use of not only the function information but also the gradient information. Under suitable conditions, global convergence is proved, and we demonstrate the local superlinear convergence of the proposed method. The numerical results indicate that the proposed method is very efficient. 相似文献
935.
In this paper we consider supply chains with multiple stages of serial or network structure. The supply chains are endogenous in the sense that they involve queues because each order’s lead-time is dependent on the orders already in the system. We define supply chain responsiveness as the probability of fulfilling customer orders within a promised lead-time and study the problems of measuring and optimizing supply chain responsiveness using queueing network models. We first consider a single-server multi-stage serial supply chain and find a closed form expression for the fulfilment time distribution. For the multi-server multi-stage problem, the closed form evaluation of the fulfilment time distribution becomes intractable due to the dependency of the lead-times in different stages. We circumvent this difficulty by proposing a novel FCFS discipline which enables a closed-form analysis. For the multi-server multi-stage Jackson-type supply chain network, to enable analysis, we convert the system into an equivalent single server single stage system with state-dependent rates. For each case, we present detailed numerical examples for both measurement and the optimization of supply chain responsiveness. 相似文献
936.
Simon Hu Hikari A.I. Yoshihara Robert Bok Jenny Zhou Minhua Zhu John Kurhanewicz Daniel B. Vigneron 《Magnetic resonance imaging》2012
Development of hyperpolarized technology utilizing dynamic nuclear polarization has enabled the measurement of 13C metabolism in vivo at very high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In vivo mitochondrial metabolism can, in principle, be monitored with pyruvate, which is catalyzed to acetyl-CoA via pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH). The purpose of this work was to determine whether the compound sodium dichloroacetate (DCA) could aid the study of mitochondrial metabolism with hyperpolarized pyruvate. DCA stimulates PDH by inhibiting its inhibitor, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase. In this work, hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate and [2-13C]pyruvate were used to probe mitochondrial metabolism in normal rats. Increased conversion to bicarbonate (+ 181±69%, P=.025) was measured when [1-13C]pyruvate was injected after DCA administration, and increased glutamate (+ 74±23%, P=.004), acetoacetate (+ 504±281%, P=.009) and acetylcarnitine (+ 377±157%, P=.003) were detected when [2-13C]pyruvate was used. 相似文献
937.
GW级Tesla型脉冲源在触发开关技术研究中作为触发脉冲源使用,抖动较大,触发开关工作不稳定,需要为其研制一台触发器以解决这一问题。结合其他使用需求,设计了一台百kV级纳秒脉冲源,该脉冲源采用Tesla变压器结合单筒脉冲形成线结构,进行了Tesla变压器结构、Tesla变压器初次级参数、Tesla开路磁芯与初级电路设计,调试结果为:最高输出电压100 kV,峰值功率250 MW,重复频率1~100 Hz,输出脉冲宽度约4 ns,前沿约1 ns。该脉冲源作为触发器使用,可以将GW级Tesla型纳秒脉冲源抖动由500 ns降低至150 ns,满足触发开关研究需求,还可用于产生超宽谱短脉冲进行辐射。 相似文献
938.
939.
Several nanostructures were obtained after irradiation with femtosecond laser pulse (130 fs, 800 nm, 1 kHz pulse repetition frequency) on Au/Cr film stack. The influence of laser parameters such as fluence (0.5 J/cm2, 1.5 J/cm2, 3 J/cm2) and the number of pulse were investigated. With single pulse irradiation, the nanoline and nonoparticle were obtained for the pulse fluence of 0.5 J/cm2 and 3 J/cm2, respectively. The formation mechanism of those nanostructures was discussed. The results of this experiment demonstrate that different kinds of nanostructures could be formed by varying the laser parameters such as fluence and the number of pulse. 相似文献
940.
Various optically stimulated luminescence signals from K-feldspar have been used to determine the equivalent doses of sediment samples. Understanding the properties of these optical signals is critical to evaluate their applicability and limitations to optical dating. In this paper, some properties of IRSL, post-IR OSL and post-IR IRSL signals (detected in the UV region using U-340 filters) from a museum sample of K-feldspar were investigated by analyzing the relationships between optical and TL signals, and the effect of optical bleaching and heating on optical signals. The trap parameters of the different optical signals were calculated using the pulse annealing method. The results show that this sample exhibits two regenerated TL peaks at ~140 and ~330 °C. Corresponding to the low temperature TL peak, the OSL and post-IR OSL signals appear to be more associated with lower temperature TL than the IRSL signal measured at 50 °C. Corresponding to the high temperature TL peak, the post-IR IRSL signals mainly originate from the more thermally stable traps associated with the high temperature TL, compared with the IRSL and post-IR OSL signals. However, the post-IR IRSL225 °C signal is shown to be hard to be bleached by blue light and simulated sunlight, compared with the IRSL50 °C and low temperature post-IR IRSL signals. The implication for optical dating is that the elevated temperature post-IR IRSL signals can be preferentially applied over other signals from K-feldspar, but it is desirable that the effectiveness of the pre-depositional zeroing of these signals is assessed. 相似文献