Increased luminance of MEH-PPV and PFO based PLEDs by using salmon DNA as an electron blocking layer

The effect of salmon DNA-CTMA as an electron blocking layer (EBL) has been examined on the performance of MEH-PPV and PFO-based light emitting diodes. Though the turn-on voltage increases with incorporation of EBL, a significant increase in luminance and luminous efficiency for both the devices is observed. The EBL improves the device performance by blocking electrons at the EBL-polymer interface, thereby increasing the recombination probability of electrons and holes. The luminance of the MEH-PPV based Bio-LED increases to 100 cd/m² from 30 cd/m² while a corresponding increase for the PFO based LED is to 160 cd/m² from 80 cd/m² with and without EBL, respectively.     

Synthesis and characterization of layered perovskite-type oxides LnSr2MnFeO7 (Ln = La, Nd, Gd, and Dy)

Layered perovskite-type oxides LnSr₂MnFeO₇, with Ln?=?La, Nd, Gd, and Dy, have been synthesized by conventional solid-state reaction method. Rietveld refinement shows that all the phases were found to crystallize with tetragonal unit cell in the space group I4/mmm. The unit cell parameters a and c decrease monotonically with decreasing effective ionic radius of the lanthanide ion. The phases show insulating behavior with no anomalous features in the entire temperature range of 150–350 K and the electrical conduction occurs by Mott’s variable range hopping mechanism. The magnetic studies suggest that the phases are antiferromagnetic and the Weiss constant (θ) increases with decreasing ionic radius of lanthanide ion.     

Hypervalent Iodine Oxidation of 2-Aryl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-4-quinolones: An Easy Access to 2-Aryl-4-quinolones

Oxidation of 2-aryl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-4-quinolones (1a-e) using iodobenzene diacetate in methanolic potassium hydroxide leads to dehydrogenation of 1 thereby providing an easy access to 2-aryl-4-quinolones (2a-e).     

Production of cellulase systems by selected mutants ofTrichoderma reesei in solid-state fermentation and their hydrolytic potentials

Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - Three mutants ofTrichoderma reesei were grown in solid-state fermentation (SSF) in flasks and in a pan bioreactor. Mutant strain MCG 80 proved to be best at...     

Nanosized rare earth cobaltite LaCoO<Subscript>3</Subscript> synthesized by urea combustion method

The structural, magnetic, and electrical properties of nano- and bulk samples of LaCoO₃, prepared by a urea combustion method, are investigated in this paper. The structures of phases, calcined at different temperatures, were refined in two different space groups rhombohedral R-3c and monoclinic I2/a, and a good agreement was obtained between the observed and calculated XRD patterns. Magnetic measurements reveal that the magnetic susceptibility increases with reduction in particle size. It is observed that there are two types of mechanisms which govern the conduction in different temperature ranges of these samples, and no single law of conduction fits the entire range of temperature. In high temperature range (200–300 K), Arrhenius law fits well, while in the low temperature region (100–200 K), the conduction is governed by Efros-Shklovskii’s (ES) hopping.     

Facile Synthesis,Antimicrobial Activity and Molecular Docking of Novel 2,4,5‐Trisubstituted‐1H‐Imidazole–Triazole Hybrid Compounds

In the present work, a series of 18 imidazole–triazole hybrids ( 4a–r ) has been synthesized in good yield from substituted naphthaldehydes and 1,2‐diketones in the presence of ammonium acetate. The synthesized imidazole–triazole hybrid compounds were characterized by spectral techniques and screened in vitro for their antimicrobial activity. Compound 4h was found to be most active against Staphylococcus epidermidis, and compound 4e exhibited promising activity against Escherichia coli. In the fungal species under test, compound 4q was most potent against Aspergillus niger, even better than the fluconazole. Further, compound 4e was docked in the binding site of DNA gyrase topoisomerase II of E. coli.     

Avoiding convergence problems in VLE predictions using an equation of state

Owing to certain advantages, the equation-of-state (EOS) approach is preferable to mixed models for VLE predictions in hydrocarbon processing at high pressures. However, the EOS approach leads to convergence problems, typically yielding what are referred to as trivial solutions for single models. Despite the use of this approach for over three decades, not much attention has been given to this aspect until recently. An attempt is made here to analyse the problem systematically and to suggest a solution. A procedure, providing initial estimates of pressure and temperature for VLE predictions, is also a long-felt need. Correlations are suggested for this purpose. Finally, an algorithm is proposed which can resolve trivial solutions and other convergence problems.     

Contribution of flyash from coal-fired thermal power plants to uranium contamination of ground water

The elemental concentration of uranium in flyash and coal samples has been investigated using EDXRF and WDXRF techniques. To check the contribution of flyash to uranium contamination of ground water in the Malwa region of Punjab, the flyash and coal samples are collected from Guru Nanak Dev Thermal Power Plant (GNDTPP) in the Bathinda district of Punjab state, India. It is found that uranium concentration in the flyash is below the detection limit of the XRF set up, i.e.?~?1 ppm. It is concluded that uranium contamination in the ground water of Malwa region is not due to the Thermal Power Plant.     

Synthesis and Molecular Structure of 2-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(phenyl-amino)-5-(thiophen-2-ylmethylidene)-3,5-dihydro-4H-imidazol-4-one

Crystallography Reports - 2-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(phenylamino)-5-(thiophen-2-ylmethylidene)-3,5-dihydro-4H-imidazol-4-one, C20H14N3OSCl was synthesized and its crystal structure was determined by...     

Photochemical synthesis of isomeric (E/Z)-3-alkylidene-3H-isobenzofuranones

The synthesis of isomeric (E/Z)-3-alkylidene-3H-isobenzofuranones by photoisomerization of 2-aroyl-2-methyl/benzylindan-1,3-diones in high yields is described.