X-Ray fluorescence determination of Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Ho, Yb and Y in high purity gadolinium oxide

Summary An X-ray fluorescence method is described for the determination of Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Ho, Yb and Y in gadolinium oxide. Samples are taken in oxalate form and mixed with boric acid in the ratio 31. The mixture is pressed as a double-layer pellet. Selection of experimental parameters and choice of analysis lines is discussed. The estimation limit ranges from 0.005–1% for most of the elements.

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Röntgenfluorescenz-spektrometrische Bestimmung von Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Ho, Yb und Y in hochreinem Gadoliniumoxid

Zusammenfassung Bei dem vorgeschlagenen Verfahren werden die Proben in die Oxalatform übergeführt und mit Borsäure im Verhältnis 31 gemischt. Die Mischung wird zu einer Doppelschicht-Tablette gepreßt. Die Auswahl der geeigneten experimentellen Parameter sowie der Analysenlinien wird diskutiert. Die Bestimmungs-grenzen liegen für die meisten Elemente im Bereich 0,005–1%.

     

Radiation-induced copolymerization of hydrophilic monomers with vinyl acetate: Synthesis and thermal properties

Radiation-induced copolymerization of hydrophili+ monomers, viz., 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA), and N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP) with vinyl acetate (VAc) was carried out in bulk at 25°C. The copolymer composition was determined from the acetoxy content. The copolymerization parameters were determined by a graphical method and compared with those determined by the Yezrielev, Brokhina, and Roskin (YBR) method. Thermal properties of copolymers were studied by GC-MS. Probable mechanisms were suggested from the products obtained.     

Role of heterogeneous Cr(AcAc)3–AlEt3 catalyst system in isoprene polymerization

Polymerization of isoprene in presence of a heterogeneous Ziegler-type catalyst system, Cr(AcAc)₃–AlEt₃, has been studied in benzene medium. The rate of polymerization is first-order with respect to catalyst as well as monomer concentration. The rate studies, activation energy, and polymer microstructures are reported in order to follow the probable mechanism of polymerization.     

Alternating copolymer of styrene–acrylonitrile obtained with vanadium-based complex catalyst in presence of monomers

Vanadium-based catalyst complexes prepared in the presence of monomers have been used for the copolymerization of styrene and acrylonitrile. VOCl₃–Al(i-C₄H₉)₃ catalyst system seems to yield an alternating copolymer. The copolymers are easily soluble in DMF and have low softening points.     

Chemoselective hydrogenation of substituted nitroaromatics using novel water-soluble iron complex catalysts

Chemoselective hydrogenation of substituted nitroaromatic compounds by water-soluble iron complex catalysts with molecular hydrogen has been reported for the first time. This biphasic catalyst presents an opportunity for a solvent-free hydrogenation. This catalyst system provides a low-cost, efficient alternative to the selective but environmentally unacceptable stoichiometric reductions as well as the supported noble metal catalysts used for hydrogenation. An efficient recycling strategy has resulted in a cumulative turnover number above 6000.     

Polymerization of styrene with chromium acetylacetonate–triisobutylaluminum catalyst system

Styrene is polymerized with chromium acetylacetonate–triisobutylaluminum catalyst at 40°C in a benzene medium. At the stoichiometric ratio of Al/Cr of 4, the activity for polymerization was found to be maximum. Further, the kinetic studies were carried out at this ratio of Al/Cr of maximum activity. The kinetics of polymerization and the total activation energy around 10.00 kcal/mole suggest a coordinate anionic mechanism.     

EXAFS study of intermetallics of the type RGe2 (R=La,Ce, Pr,Nd, Sm,Gd, Tb,Dy, Ho,Er and Y) Part I: Determination of Ge-Ge distances

A study of theEXAFS associated with theK x-ray absorption discontinuity of germanium in pure germanium and in the rare-earth germanides RGe₂ (where R=La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er and Y) has been carried out. The Ge-Ge distances have been obtained in these compounds. Considering the phase to the RGe₂ system, the bond lengths in these compounds have been determined. The values obtained by us for the RGe₂ compounds (R=La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy and Y) agree with those obtained earlier by crystallographic methods. The bond lengths for the compounds TbGe₂, HoGe₂ and ErGe₂ are also being reported.