点光源哈特曼最优阈值估计方法研究

针对夏克-哈特曼波前传感器探测系统中噪声随时间及空间变化频率较快的特点,为了准确估计系统的最优阈值,根据高斯光斑与噪声的分布特性,提出一种以滑动窗口内像素均值及图像信号的局部梯度作为参数,构造关于噪声权重函数的方法,由此获得子孔径阈值的最优估计值,并详细分析了算法的基本原理和实现过程.以典型处理方法获取的阈值与理论最优阈值的误差作为评价标准,仿真和实验结果表明本文提出的阈值估计方法在不同信噪比、不同光斑大小的条件下,均能取得优于典型阈值处理方法获得的结果,且与理论最优阈值的误差小于10%.     

灰气体加权和辐射模型综合评估及分析

在O_2/CO_2气氛下,参与性介质的非灰气体辐射特性表现出不同于空气气氛下的特性,因此,非灰气体辐射模型的选择和应用在换热过程中将变得十分重要.基于统计窄谱带模型,本文综合评估近年发展应用较广的灰气体加权和(WSGG)模型.结果表明,几种WSGG模型的预测值总体趋势正确,但仍存在着一定的差别.对于发射率,Dorigon等(2013 Int.J.Heat Mass Transfer 64 863)和Bordbar等(2014 Combust.Flame 161 2435)的WSGG模型与基准模型符合较好,相对误差小于20%.与离散坐标法结合,本文求解了PH_2O/PCO_2=1,2时的一维平行平板间辐射换热问题.结果显示,由Dorigon等和Bordbar等的WSGG模型得到的辐射热源和热流密度分布的相对误差均较小(10%左右).Johansson等(2011 Combust.Flame 158893)和Bordbar等的WSGG模型具有更广的适用范围.     

Optimization of L‐shell X‐ray fluorescence detection of lead in bone phantoms using synchrotron radiation

Closely related toxicity and retention mechanisms of lead (Pb) in the human body involve the bone tissues where Pb can accumulate and reside on a time scale ranging from years to tens of years. In vivo measurements of bone Pb can, therefore, play an important role in a comprehensive health risk assessment of Pb exposure. In vivo L‐shell X‐ray fluorescence (LXRF) measurement of bone Pb was first demonstrated over 4 decades ago. Implementation of the method, however, encountered challenges associated with low sensitivity and calibration procedure. In this study, the LXRF measurement was optimized by varying the incident photon energy and the excitation‐detection geometry. The Canadian Light Source synchrotron radiation was used to compare 2 different excitation‐detection geometries of 90^° and 135^° using 3 different X‐ray photon energies: 15.8, 16.6, and 17.5 keV. These energies optimized excitation of the L₃ subshell of Pb and simulated the most intense K‐shell emissions of zirconium, niobium, and molybdenum, respectively. Five rectangular plaster‐of‐Paris bone phantoms with Pb concentrations of 0, 7, 17, 26, and 34 μg/g, and one rectangular 3.1‐mm‐thick resin phantom mimicked the X‐ray attenuation properties of human bone and soft tissue, respectively. Optimal LXRF detection was obtained by the 15.8‐keV energy and the 90^° and 135^° geometries for the bare bone and the bone and soft tissue phantoms, respectively.     

Some New Properties of Quantum Correlations

Quantum coherence measures the correlation between different measurement results in a single-system, while entanglement and quantum discord measure the correlation among different subsystems in a multipartite system. In this paper, we focus on the relative entropy form of them, and obtain three new properties of them as follows: 1) General forms of maximally coherent states for the relative entropy coherence, 2) Linear monogamy of the relative entropy entanglement, and 3) Subadditivity of quantum discord. Here, the linear monogamy is defined as there is a small constant as the upper bound on the sum of the relative entropy entanglement in subsystems.     

Hydrothermal synthesis of FeS2 for lithium batteries

Nanocrystalline FeS₂ cathode material of lithium cell was synthesized from cheap materials of FeSO₄, Na₂S₂O₃, and sulfur by a hydrothermal process. The scanning electron microscopy analysis showed the obtained material was nano-sized, about 500 nm. The X-ray powder diffraction analysis showed that the synthetic FeS₂ material had two phases of the crystalline structure, pyrite and marcasite. The phase of marcasite seems to have no negative effect on the electrochemical performance of the material. The synthetic FeS₂ showed a significant improvement of electrochemical performance for Li/FeS₂ cells.     

量子纠缠态的普适远程克隆

提出一种任意两粒子纠缠态1→2普适远程克隆方案. 此方案仅需一个特殊的四粒子纠缠态作为量子信道, 就可使处于空间不同位置的两个接收者分别以5/6的保真度得到任意输入态的近似拷贝, 该保真度远高于已有方案中的保真度. 将方案推广到任意两粒子纠缠态1→N(N>2)普适远程克隆的情况, 可使处于不同地点的N个接收者分别以(2N+1)/(3N)的保真度得到输入态的近似拷贝. 另外, 提出一种以上述单个特殊四粒子纠缠态作为量子信道, 在多目标量子比特受控非门和 关键词： 量子纠缠态 普适远程克隆 保真度     

色散渐减光纤中Ginzburg-Landau方程的自相似脉冲演化的解析解

采用对称约简的分析方法，得出了变系数Ginzburg-Landau方程的抛物渐近自相似脉冲解析解的一般表达式.给出了二阶色散系数纵向双曲型变化和纵向指数型变化的色散渐减光纤中自相似脉冲的振幅、啁啾以及脉冲宽度的具体形式，并与数值解进行了对比，其结果符合得很好.从而证实了稀土元素掺杂的色散渐减光纤中，在增益色散因子的影响下，脉冲的演化具有抛物型自相似特性.     

基于灰度相关的图像匹配算法的改进

针对目前图像匹配算法中存在的匹配精度不高和匹配速度慢的缺点，对基于灰度相关的2类匹配算法——最小误差法和相关系数法进行了改进。最小误差法采用新的ML距离法，提出动态调整阈值的方法，既保证了匹配精度，又避免了局部噪声的影响；相关系数法对相关系数的计算公式进行了简化，并采用三步搜索策略进行匹配，以达到减少计算量和搜索位置的目的。实验证明：改进后的算法，在保证一定匹配精度的条件下，匹配速度大大提高，能够满足实际应用中的实时性要求。     

表面粗糙度对玻璃钢材料放气速率影响的试验研究

设计了一套基于压差流量法的试验装置来测量不同表面粗糙度玻璃钢试样的放气速率;采用两种砂纸(100#和500#)打磨而得到两种不同表面粗糙度玻璃钢试样;采用扫描探针显微镜对试样表面粗糙度进行测量,测量了不同表面粗糙度试样在不同温度下的放气速率。试验结果表明:测量室温度越高,玻璃钢试样的放气速率越大;试样的表面粗糙度越大,其放气速率越大。     

低曝光量下投影算法的稳健性研究

研究了在低曝光量情况下灰度投影算法的稳健性,为提出的稳定成像系统的设计与实现提供可行性论证。通过合成视频实验探讨、实际视频实验论证相结合的研究方法,探讨曝光量不足对灰度投影算法性能的影响。实验结果表明,灰度投影算法在欠曝5档和存在一定随机噪声的情况下,仍能保持良好的运动矢量估计性能,从而说明了投影算法在一定的曝光量范围内仍能准确地得到运动矢量估计,是一种运算量小、实时性好且稳健性较强的电子稳像算法。投影算法在低曝光量情况下良好的稳像稳健特性,使其能在低亮度及高实时性要求等环境下应用于航拍、卫星遥感等稳定成像或高清晰成像场合。