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31.
Demetrios Brizolis 《代数通讯》2013,41(10):1065-1077
32.
Shir DJ Jeon S Liao H Highland M Cahill DG Su MF El-Kady IF Christodoulou CG Bogart GR Hamza AV Rogers JA 《The journal of physical chemistry. B》2007,111(45):12945-12958
This Feature Article reviews recent work on an optical technique for fabricating, in a single exposure step, three-dimensional (3D) nanostructures with diverse structural layouts. The approach, which we refer to as proximity field nanopatterning, uses conformable, elastomeric phase masks to pattern thick layers of transparent, photosensitive materials in a conformal contact mode geometry. Aspects of the optics, the materials, and the physical chemistry associated with this method are outlined. A range of 3D structures illustrate its capabilities, and several application examples demonstrate possible areas of use in technologies ranging from microfluidics to photonic materials to density gradient structures for chemical release and high-energy density science. 相似文献
33.
Westlake P Siozos P Philippidis A Apostolaki C Derham B Terlixi A Perdikatsis V Jones R Anglos D 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2012,402(4):1413-1432
Wall paintings spanning two millennia of Cretan painting history and technology were analysed in an effort to determine similarities
and evolutions of painting materials and technology. A multi-technique approach was employed that combined the use of (a)
laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and Raman microspectroscopy, based on mobile instrumentation, appropriate for
rapid, routine-level object characterization, and (b) non-destructive X-ray diffractometry (XRD), performed directly on the
wall painting fragment, which provides detailed information on the minerals constituting the paint. Elemental analysis data
obtained through LIBS were compared with molecular and crystal structure information from Raman spectroscopy and XRD. Cross-sections
from selected samples were also investigated by means of optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy coupled to micro-probe
analysis and X-ray mapping that enabled identification of several mineral components of the paint confirming the results of
the XRD analysis. In parallel, replica wall paintings, created with known pigments and binding media for reference purposes,
were examined with optical microscopy and stain tested for organic materials. The overall study shows that the LIBS and Raman
techniques offer key advantages, such as instrument mobility and speed of data collection and interpretation that are particularly
important when dealing with on-site investigations. Thus, they are capable of providing important compositional information
in an effective manner that enables quick surveying of wall paintings and permit targeted sample selection for further analysis
by advanced laboratory techniques. 相似文献
34.
Waudby CA Mantle MD Cabrita LD Gladden LF Dobson CM Christodoulou J 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2012,134(28):11312-11315
In-cell NMR spectroscopy offers a unique opportunity to begin to investigate the structures, dynamics, and interactions of molecules within their functional environments. An essential aspect of this technique is to define whether observed signals are attributable to intracellular species rather than to components of the extracellular medium. We report here the results of NMR measurements of the diffusion behavior of proteins expressed within bacterial cells, and find that these experiments provide a rapid and nondestructive probe of localization within cells and can be used to determine the size of the confining compartment. We show that diffusion can also be exploited as an editing method to eliminate extracellular species from high-resolution multidimensional spectra, and should be applicable to a wide range of problems. This approach is demonstrated here for a number of protein systems, using both (15)N and (13)C (methyl-TROSY) based acquisition. 相似文献
35.
By exploiting recent developments associated with parity-time (PT) symmetry in optics, we here propose a new avenue in realizing single-mode large area laser amplifiers. This can be accomplished by utilizing the abrupt symmetry breaking transition that allows the fundamental mode to experience gain while keeping all the higher order modes neutral. Such PT-symmetric structures can be realized by judiciously coupling two multimode waveguides, one exhibiting gain while the other exhibits an equal amount of loss. Pertinent examples are provided for both semiconductor and fiber laser amplifiers. 相似文献
36.
Scott?Grandison Demetrios?T.?PapageorgiouEmail author Jean-Marc?Vanden-Broeck 《Zeitschrift für Angewandte Mathematik und Physik (ZAMP)》2012,63(1):125-144
We consider nonlinear aspects of the flow of an inviscid two-dimensional jet into a second immiscible fluid of different density and unbounded extent. Velocity jumps are supported at the interface, and the flow is susceptible to the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability. We investigate theoretically the effects of horizontal electric fields and surface tension on the nonlinear evolution of the jet. This is accomplished by developing a long-wave matched asymptotic analysis that incorporates the influence of the outer regions on the dynamics of the jet. The result is a coupled system of long-wave nonlinear, nonlocal evolution equations governing the interfacial amplitude and corresponding horizontal velocity, for symmetric interfacial deformations. The theory allows for amplitudes that scale with the undisturbed jet thickness and is therefore capable of predicting singular events such as jet pinching. In the absence of surface tension, a sufficiently strong electric field completely stabilizes (linearly) the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability at all wavelengths by the introduction of a dispersive regularization of a nonlocal origin. The dispersion relation has the same functional form as the destabilizing Kelvin–Helmholtz terms, but is of a different sign. If the electric field is weak or absent, then surface tension is included to regularize Kelvin–Helmholtz instability and to provide a well-posed nonlinear problem. We address the nonlinear problems numerically using spectral methods and establish two distinct dynamical behaviors. In cases where the linear theory predicts dispersive regularization (whether surface tension is present or not), then relatively large initial conditions induce a nonlinear flow that is oscillatory in time (in fact quasi-periodic) with a basic oscillation predicted well by linear theory and a second nonlinearly induced lower frequency that is responsible for quasi-periodic modulations of the spatio-temporal dynamics. If the parameters are chosen so that the linear theory predicts a band of long unstable waves (surface tension now ensures that short waves are dispersively regularized), then the flow generically evolves to a finite-time rupture singularity. This has been established numerically for rather general initial conditions. 相似文献
37.
38.
Demetrios A. Kappos 《Mathematische Annalen》1947,120(1):43-74
Ohne ZusammenfassungSeinem verehrten Lehrer Prof.C. Carathéodory zum 70. Geburtstag am 13. September 1943 gewidmet. 相似文献
39.
Benzo[7,8]-fused 6-azacoumarins are prepared from 4-quinolinol by treatment with PPh3 and DMAD, or from 3-formyl-4-quinolinol by Wittig reaction with carbalkoxyalkylidene(triphenyl)phosphoranes. Angular pyridocoumarins are prepared from 8- or 6-quinolinols with PPh3 and DMAD, or from the reactions of 5,6- or 7,8-quinolinediones with carbalkoxymethylene(triphenyl)phosphoranes. 相似文献
40.
Optical spatial solitons made from incoherent white light were experimentally observed in 1997 by Mitchell and Segev [Nature (London) 387, 880 (1997)]. We present what is believed to be the first theory describing these solitons and find the characteristic features of their spatiotemporal coherence properties and their temporal power spectrum. 相似文献