Scanning LLL x-ray interferometry

A new formalism is presented for the theory of scanning LLL x-ray interferometry, which takes account also of the amount of x-ray absorption and of crystal yawing. It is based on the Takagi approach to the dynamical theory of x-ray diffraction and uses, to a great extent, the formalism of quantum mechanics, in order to reduce the algebraic complexity of the Ewald-von Laue approach. The formalism presented here is an easy-to-handle tool for the study of x-ray propagation in multicrystal systems and for the investigation into deviations of the travelling-fringe period from the spacing of diffracting planes, as it explains how interference features change when moving in paramater space.     

Spectroscopic imaging display and analysis.

A system for display of magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopic imaging (SI) data is described which provides for efficient review and analysis of the multidimensional spectroscopic and spatial data format of this technique. Features include the rapid display of spectra from selected image voxels, formation of spectroscopic images, spectral and image data processing operations, methods for correlating spectroscopic image data with high resolution 1H MR images, and hardcopy facilities. Examples are shown for 31P and 1H spectroscopic imaging studies obtained in human and rat brain.     

Short-range order in miscible polymer blends: A monte carlo study

Local ordering in miscible binary polymer blends with strong attractive interactions between the two types of chains was investigated by computer simulation of allowable conformations on an incompressible cubic lattice. A tendency toward maximum ordering (in which chains pack in alternate parallel rows) is shown by the calculation of pair correlations and in “snapshots” of the mixtures. A specific directional interaction is not necessarily required for ordering. A comparison of these results with those recently obtained using mean-field theory is presented. The heat capacity of mixing was also calculated and found to be positive, with a value close to that reported experimentally.     

New synthesis of 2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxynucleosides.

The 3'-iodonucleoside 4 and the 3'-O-methylsulfonylthymidine 9 have been synthesized by condensation of silylated uracils 2 with methyl 5-O-tert-butyldiphensilyl-2,3-dideoxy-3-iodo-D-threo-pentofuran oside (3) and methyl 5-O-tert-butyldiphenylsilyl-2-deoxy-3-methylsulfonyl-D-erythro- pentofuranoside (8), respectively. The nucleoside 4 and 9 produced the corresponding 2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxynucleosides 5 in an elimination reaction on treatment with sodium methoxide. The compounds 5b showed no antiviral activity against HIV-1.     

Specific high performance liquid chromatographic determination of the molecular weight and concentration of hyaluronic acid in complex mixtures by labelled hyaluronate binding proteins.

A simple High performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the specific determination of the molecular weight and concentration of hyaluronic acid (HA) in complex mixtures has been developed. Hyaluronate-binding proteins isolated from bovine cartilage labelled by 125I or fluoresceinisothiocyanate were used as specific markers. The specific binding affinities of the markers were compared and were found to have association constants of 1.6 x 10(7) M-1 and 1.2 x 10(7) M-1 respectively. The HA levels and molecular weight distributions can be easily determined in the range 10-500 ng/mL in complex mixtures by the use of markers, molecular sieving HPLC columns and appropriate detectors. It has been demonstrated clearly that the method is useful for the highly specific determination of the parameters in complex biological samples such as serum and synovial fluids and is recommended for clinical applications.     

Evaluation of Casimir Energies Through Spectral Functions

We consider applications of elliptic differential operators and their associated spectral functions in quantum field theory problems. The role of zeta functions and traces of heat kernels in the regularization of Casimir energies is emphasized, and the renormalization procedure is discussed with simple examples.