Propagation of cylindrical blast waves in magneto-gas dynamics

Résumé Nous obtenons, dans cet article, des solutions sous forme finie, pour une explosion en ligne dans un milieu ou la pression, la densité et le champ magnétique axial sont des constantes. La surface de choc, cylindrique, se déplace vers l'extérieur, a travers le gaz au repos, et l'énergie totale de l'onde n'est pas constante, mais varie lentement avec le temps.     

Raman correlation function for generalized M-diffusion model

A generalized version of Gordon's M-diffusion model for reorientation of molecules in dense phase was proposed by Duttagupta and Sood. They calculated the IR correlation function and compared it with a few experimental data. We calculate the Raman correlation function for this model and compare it with experimental data for OCS, N₂O in CCl₄, and CH₃I. We find that at short times, the agreement with the experimental data is much better than that for Gordon's M-diffusion model. We have also shown that, at long times the correlation function decays as an inverse power of time. However, the experimental correlation function at long times decays much faster.     

Competing ferromagnetism and superconductivity on FeAs layers in EuFe2(As0.73P0.27)2

We have measured the spin-polarized electron momentum density distributions of EuFe2(As0.73P0.27)2 by magnetic Compton scattering (MCS) measurements. For the first time, we show direct evidence of competing ferromagnetism and superconductivity (SC) on FeAs layers in this iron pnictide system. The MCS orbitalwise decomposition of the density distributions reveals that between 16 and 19 K, the spin-polarized Fe-3d character is enhanced (as the ferromagnetic character supersedes superconducting character), where the resistivity shows a maximum, reentrant SC-like peak, at 18 K. The spin polarization of the Fe-3d orbital, enhanced by ferromagnetic Eu ions, suppresses the SC around 18 K, while at other temperatures the system indeed exhibits SC where the Fe-3d spin polarization is suppressed or collapses.     

Higher and lower-level knowledge discovery from Pareto-optimal sets

Innovization (innovation through optimization) is a relatively new concept in the field of multi-objective engineering design optimization. It involves the use of Pareto-optimal solutions of a problem to unveil hidden mathematical relationships between variables, objectives and constraint functions. The obtained relationships can be thought of as essential properties that make a feasible solution Pareto-optimal. This paper proposes two major extensions to innovization, namely higher-level innovization and lower-level innovization. While the former deals with the discovery of common features among solutions from different Pareto-optimal fronts, the latter concerns features commonly occurring among solutions that belong to a specified (or preferred) part of the Pareto-optimal front. The knowledge of such lower-level information is extremely beneficial to a decision maker, since it focuses on a preferred set of designs. On the other hand, higher-level innovization reveals interesting knowledge about the general problem structure. Neither of these crucial aspects concerning multi-objective designs has been addressed before, to the authors’ knowledge. We develop methodologies for handling both levels of innovization by extending the authors’ earlier automated innovization algorithm and apply them to two well-known engineering design problems. Results demonstrate that the proposed methodologies are generic and are ready to be applied to other engineering design problems.     

Layer thinning transition in an achiral four-ring hockey stick shaped liquid crystal

Depolarized reflected light microscopy and high resolution optical reflectivity measurements have been conducted on free-standing films of an achiral four-ring hockey stick shaped liquid crystal exhibiting SmA-B2–SmX* transition sequence. A layer thinning transition above the bulk isotropic-SmA phase transition has been observed. This behaviour was highly irreproducible, indicating an irregular layer thinning transition. From optical reflectivity data, both thickness of the free-standing films and the smectic interlayer spacing were determined. This is the first report of the layer thinning transition in a hockey stick shaped liquid crystal.     

X-ray diffuse scattering measurements of nucleation dynamics at femtosecond resolution

Femtosecond time-resolved small and wide angle x-ray diffuse scattering techniques are applied to investigate the ultrafast nucleation processes that occur during the ablation process in semiconducting materials. Following intense optical excitation, a transient liquid state of high compressibility characterized by large-amplitude density fluctuations is observed and the buildup of these fluctuations is measured in real time. Small-angle scattering measurements reveal snapshots of the spontaneous nucleation of nanoscale voids within a metastable liquid and support theoretical predictions of the ablation process.     

Multi-C−C/C−N-Coupled Light-Emitting Aliphatic Terpolymers: N−H-Functionalized Fluorophore Monomers and High-Performance Applications

To circumvent costly fluorescent labeling, five nonconventional, multifunctional, intrinsically fluorescent aliphatic terpolymers ( 1 – 5 ) have been synthesized by C−C/C−N-coupled, solution polymerization of two non-emissive monomers with protrusions of fluorophore monomers generated in situ. These scalable terpolymers were suitable for sensing and high-performance exclusion of Cu^II, logic function, and bioimaging. The structures of the terpolymers, in situ attachment of fluorescent monomers, aggregation-induced enhanced emission, bioimaging ability, and super adsorption were investigated by ¹H and ¹³C NMR, EPR, FTIR, X-ray photoelectron, UV/Vis, and atomic absorption spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, solid-state fluorescence, fluorescence imaging, and fluorescence lifetime measurements, as well as by isotherm, kinetics, and thermodynamic studies. The geometries and electronic structures of the fluorophores and the absorption and emission properties of the terpolymers were examined by DFT, time-dependent DFT, and natural transition orbital analyses. For 1 , 2 , and 5 , the limits of detection were determined to be 1.03×10⁻⁷, 1.65×10⁻⁷, and 1.77×10⁻⁷ m , respectively, and the maximum adsorption capacities are 1575.21, 1433.70, and 1472.21 mg g⁻¹, respectively.     

Estimation of underground water radon danger in Bakreswar and Tantloi Geothermal Region,India

The main aim of the study is to present an evaluation of radon concentration in underground water of Bakreswar and Tantloi geothermal region which is mainly used for drinking purposes of the local people. Water samples were collected from tube-wells at 173 different locations. The radon (²²²Rn) concentration level was observed to fluctuate widely between 3.3 and 803.8 Bq/l with an average of 106.8 Bq/l. Nearly 42% of the samples had radon concentration above the safe limit of 100 Bq/l recommended by World Health Organisation (WHO) and European Union Commission (EU). Considering the WHO and International Commission on Radiological Protection recommended water consumption rate for adults (730 l/year) the corresponding total annual effective dose of the samples were estimated to assess the probable health risk. Total annual effective dose of the samples were varied between 16.72 and 4079.47 µSv/year with an average value of 541.92 µSv/year. About 95% samples exceed the WHO and EU Commission proposed safe limit of 100 µSv/year.     

Simple Chemical Route Synthesis of Fe2O3 Nanoparticles and its Application for Adsorptive Removal of Congo Red from Aqueous Media: Artificial Neural Network Modeling

Nanocrystalline Fe₂O₃ powder was synthesized by a simple chemical route involving FeCl₃ and NaOH. The Fe₂O₃ powder thus prepared was characterized using x-ray diffraction study, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The adsorption properties of crystalline Fe₂O₃ powder have been investigated with an aim to explore a possible low cost and efficient way to remove Congo red (CR) from waste water. Fe₂O₃ powder was found as an excellent adsorbent for CR from aqueous medium. Adsorption capacity as much as 203.66 mg g^?1 is reported at room temperature. Effect of different experimental parameters such as reaction pH, initial CR dye concentration, adsorbent dose, and reaction temperature were studied on adsorption capacity of Fe₂O₃ powder and modeled by artificial neural network (ANN). Optimal ANN structure (4–5–1) shows minimum mean squared error (MSE) of 0.00235 and determination coefficient (R²) of 0.991 with Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm. Isotherm analysis of experimental data exhibited better fit to the Langmuir isotherm. The adsorption process was found to follow second-order kinetics as depicted by the analysis of experimental results. Thermodynamic study shows that the adsorption process is endothermic, spontaneous, and thermodynamically favorable in the temperature range of 27°C to 60°C.