Analysing the elasticity difference tensor of general relativity

The elasticity difference tensor, used in [1] to describe elasticity properties of a continuous medium filling a space-time, is here analysed. Principal directions associated with this tensor are compared with eigendirections of the material metric. Examples concerning spherically symmetric and axially symmetric space-times are then presented.     

Design of a self-injected unstable cavity Nd: YAG Laser

A detailed analysis of a self-injected Nd: YAG laser with an unstable cavity is presented. With respect to the normal Q-switched laser-mode operation the pulse peak power is increased by a factor of eight with a pulse length of about 1 ns. Moreover single transverse mode operation is achieved, with divergence near the diffraction limit. An evaluation of the most significant parameters useful for the design of an unstable resonator for self-injection applications is also presented.     

Velocity autocorrelation function in lattice gases from the ring kinetic theory. Comparison with numerical simulations

We obtain the complete time dependence of the velocity autocorrelation function (VACF) for lattice gas cellular automata, usingring kinetic theory. This theory accounts for the simplest correlated collisions that improve on the molecular chaos approach, and yields a closed equation for the VACF that we evaluate for both infinite and finite systems. We compare our analytical results with numerical simulations at all times, as well as with long-time results of the mode coupling theories, finding a very good agreement for all times at all densities.     

High power subnanosecond pulse generation in Nd YAG lasers

We describe the application of the self-injection and cavity dumping techniques to a Nd YAG laser. Single or double, highly stabilized nanosecond pulses are obtained with large efficiency.     

Symbolic objects: order structure and pyramidal clustering

We recall a formalism based on the notion of symbolic object (Diday [15], Brito and Diday [8]), which allows to generalize the classical tabular model of Data Analysis. We study assertion objects, a particular class of symbolic objects which is endowed with a partial order and a quasi-order. Operations are then defined on symbolic objects. We study the property of completeness, already considered in Brito and Diday [8], which expresses the duality extension intension. We formalize this notion in the framework of the theory of Galois connections and study the order structure of complete assertion objects. We introduce the notion ofc-connection, as being a pair of mappings (f,g) between two partially ordered sets which should fulfil given conditions. A complete assertion object is then defined as a fixed point of the composedf o g; this mapping is called a completeness operator for it completes a given assertion object. The set of complete assertion objects forms a lattice and we state how suprema and infima are obtained. The lattice structure being too complex to allow a clustering study of a data set, we have proposed a pyramidal clustering approach [8]. The symbolic pyramidal clustering method builds a pyramid bottom-up, each cluster being described by a complete assertion object whose extension is the cluster itself. We thus obtain an inheritance structure on the data set. The inheritance structure then leads to the generation of rules.     

Interactions of Omeprazole and Precursors with beta-Cyclodextrin Host Molecules

β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) was mixed with omeprazoleand some of its precursors in aqueous or water/ethanol solutions, and theresulting crystalline products have been characterized by elemental analysis,thermogravimetry, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), FTIR and ¹³C CP MAS NMRspectroscopy. In the case of2-chloromethyl-4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridine...HCl, itwas found that the solid product always consisted of pure β-CD hydrate. On the other hand, a 2 : 1(host-to-guest) inclusion complex was obtained between β-CD and2-methoxy-2-mercaptobenzimidazole. The thioether intermediate5-methoxy-2-[(3,5-dimethyl-4-methoxy-2-pyridine)methylthio]-1H-benzimidazoleand its sulfoxide derivative (omeprazole) both formed 1 : 1 inclusion complexes with β-CD. Powder XRD indicates that the crystal packing of β-CDhost molecules is herringbone-type for the 2 : 1 complex, and channel-typefor the 1 : 1 complexes. Ab initio calculations were carried out toinvestigate thehost–guest interactions. It was found that the interactionwith the pyridine fragment is wholly repulsive, due to the presence of severalring substituents. On the other hand, the inclusion of the benzimidazole fragmentis energetically favored, but highly dependent on the orientation of thesubstituent methoxy group.     

In situ synthesis of oligonucleotide arrays by using surface tension

This work describes the in situ synthesis of oligonucleotide arrays on glass surfaces. These arrays are composed of features defined and separated by differential surface tension (surface tension arrays). Specifically, photolithographic methods were used to create a series of spatially addressable, circular features containing an amino-terminated organosilane coupled to the glass through a siloxane linkage. Each feature is bounded by a perfluorosilanated surface. The differences in surface energies between the features and surrounding zones allow for chemical reactions to be readily localized within a defined site. The aminosilanation process was analyzed using contact angle, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and time-of-flight/secondary ion mass spectroscopy (TOF-SIMS). The efficiency of phosphoramidite-based oligonucleotide synthesis on these surface tension arrays was measured by two methods. One method, termed step-yields-by-hybridization, indicates an average synthesis efficiency for all four (A,G,C,T) bases of 99.9 +/- 1.1%. Step yields measured for the individual amidite bases showed efficiencies of 98.8% (dT), 98.0% (dA), 97.0% (dC), and 97.6% (dG). The second method for determining the amidite coupling efficiencies was by capillary electrophoresis (CE) analysis. Homopolymers of dT (40- and 60mer), dA (40mer), and dC (40mer) were synthesized on an NH(4)OH labile linkage. After cleavage, the products were analyzed by CE. Synthesis efficiencies were calculated by comparison of the full-length product peak with the failure peaks. The calculated coupling efficiencies were 98.8% (dT), 96.8% (dA), and 96.7% (dC).