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41.
In this short review we consider some selected results for the dissociation of hydrogen on metal surfaces. In particular we focus our attention on the effects that surface corrugation have on the dissociation and also how rotations and vibrations couple in the interaction region. Results from time dependent quantum wavepacket calculations have been particularly helpful in forming our ideas of how diatomics dissociate. We describe this method along with two examples of propagation schemes. The power of limited dimensional models to rationalize experimental observations is clearly demonstrated. 相似文献
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Bergfeld T Eisenstein BI Ernst J Gladding GE Gollin GD Johnson E Karliner I Palmer M Selen M Thaler JJ Edwards KW Bellerive A Britton DI Janicek R MacFarlane DB McLean KW Patel PM Sadoff AJ Ammar R Baringer P Bean A Besson D Coppage D Darling C Davis R Hancock N Kotov S Kravchenko I Kwak N Anderson S Kubota Y Lattery M O'Neill JJ Patton S Poling R Riehle T Smith A Savinov V Alam MS Athar SB Ling Z Mahmood AH Severini H Timm S Wappler F Anastassov A Blinov S Duboscq JE Fulton R Fujino D Gan KK 《Physical review letters》1996,77(22):4503-4507
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Sundrani D Darling SB Sibener SJ 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2004,20(12):5091-5099
We report a combined top-down/bottom-up hierarchical approach to fabricate massively parallel arrays of aligned nanoscale domains by means of the self-assembly of asymmetric polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene-alt-propylene) diblock copolymers. Silicon nitride grating substrates of various depths and periodicities are used to template the alignment of the high-aspect-ratio cylindrical polymer domains. Alignment is nucleated by polystyrene preferentially wetting the trough sidewalls and is thermally extended throughout the polymer film by defect annihilation. Topics discussed include a detailed analysis of the capacity of this system to accommodate lithographic defects and observations of alignment beyond the confined channel volumes. This graphoepitaxial methodology can be exploited in hybrid hard/soft condensed matter systems for a variety of applications. 相似文献
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B. A. Sommerville F. M. C. Darling J. P. McCormick J. Waterhouse D. M. Broom 《Chromatographia》1994,39(7-8):469-474
Summary A recirculating system powered by a diaphragm pump which may be readily dismantled for cleaning, is described. The results of operating this system for dynamic headspace sampling in the closed or open mode to load volatiles onto a Tenax trap over a range of temperatures and loading volumes are shown. The system was designed to facilitate the analysis of volatiles in natural products and tested using an equimolar solution of 7 esters of boiling points ranging from 120°C to 299°C. The results showed that compounds in the boiling point range 120–200°C could be loaded onto the trap at 30°C by passing 1–21 of carrier gas through. In order to trap compounds of boiling points approaching 300°C, a temperature of 50–70°C and a loading volume of 2.5–3 1 was necessary. Using the apparatus, human sweat was analysed to show the degree of concentration possible with a natural sample and the variation in the chromatogram profiles of successive trapping from the same sample. Twelve chromatograms from the sweat of two pairs of identical twins were pattern matched to show the high degree of reproducibility possible using this apparatus to trap biological volatiles. 相似文献
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Water adsorbs and desorbs intact on Pd(111), forming a hydrogen-bonded wetting layer whose structure we examine by low energy electron diffraction (LEED) and He atom scattering (HAS). LEED shows that water forms commensurate (√3 × √3)R30° clusters that aggregate into a partially ordered, approximately (7 × 7) superstructure as the layer completes. HAS indicates that the water layer remains disordered on a local (approximately 10 ?) scale. Based on workfunction measurements and density functional theory simulations we propose that water forms small, flat domains of a commensurate (√3 × √3)R30° water network, separated by disordered domain boundaries containing largely H-down water. This arrangement allows the water layer to adapt its density and relieve the lateral strain associated with adsorbing water in the optimum flat atop adsorption site. We discuss different possibilities for the structure of these domain walls and compare this strain relief mechanism to the highly ordered, large unit cell structures formed on surfaces such as Pt(111). 相似文献
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Chun‐Chih Ho Shang‐Jung Wu Shih‐Hsiang Lin Seth B. Darling Wei‐Fang Su 《Macromolecular rapid communications》2015,36(14):1329-1335
A facile approach is reported to process rod–coil block copolymers (BCPs) into highly ordered nanostructures in a rapid, low‐energy process. By introducing a selective plasticizer into the rod–coil BCPs during annealing, both the annealing temperature and time to achieve thermodynamic equilibrium and highly ordered structures can be decreased. This process improvement is attributed to enhanced chain mobility, reduced rod–rod interaction, and decreased rod–coil interaction from the additive. The novel method is based on kinetically facilitating thermodynamic equilibrium. The process requires no modification of polymer structure, indicating that a wide variety of desired polymer functionalities can be designed into BCPs for specific applications.