Synthesis of (1R,4R,7S)- and (1S,4S,7S)-2-(4-tolylsulfonyl)-5-phenyl-methyl-7-methyl-2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes via regioselective opening of 3,4-epoxy-d-proline with lithium dimethyl cuprate

The synthesis of (1S,4S,7S)- and (1R,4R,7S)-2-(4-tolylsulfonyl>5-phenylmethyl-7-rnethyl-2,5-diazabicyclo-[2.2.1]heptanes ( 20 ) and ( 22 ) from trans 4-hydroxy-L-proline is described.     

Nachweis isomerer Phenole und Nitroaniline,von Naphthylamin und Anilin

Zusammenfassung Die mit diazotiertem p-Nitranilin hergestellten Tetrazoverbindungen von Phenolderivaten geben mit Magnesium in alkalischem Mediumfarbige Komplexe. Die Farbe des Komplexes ist verschieden bei substituierten und nicht substituierten bzw. verschieden substituierten Phenolen. Damit kann man Phenol-, Kresol- und Chlorphenol-Isomere bzw. 2,4- und 2,6-Dichlorphenol unterscheiden.Beim Diazotieren von Nitranilin und Kuppeln mit Anilin entstehen. Indikatorsäuren; p-Nitranilin bildet die stärkste Indikatorsäure, m-Nitranilin die schwächste. Auf dieser Grundlage können alle drei Isomeren nebeneinander nachgewiesen werden. Außerdem bilden die aus p- und o-Nitranilin entstandenen Indikatoren mit Magnesium verschieden gefärbte Nitronsäurekomplexe, während m-Nitranilin, das zur Nitronsäuretautomerie nicht befähigt ist, keinen Komplex bildet.Naphthylamine geben mit diazotiertem p-Nitranilin in wäßrigem. Medium eine Indikatorbase, Anilin eine Indikatorsäure. In alkoholischem Medium führt-Naphthylamin bei Kupplung von diazotiertem p-Nitranilin zu einem amphoteren Säure-Base-Indikator, aber-Naphthylamin und Anilin zu Indikatorsäuren. Damit kann man Naphthylamin und Anilin nebeneinander nachweisen. Kuppelt man Phenyldiazoniumchlorid mit Naphthylamin, so erhält man mit-Naphthylamin eine starke Indikatorbase, mit- Naphthylamin eine schwache Indikatorbase. Auf der Basis dieser Indikatorwirkung kann man-Naphthylamin neben- Naphthylamin nachweisen.

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Summary The tetrazo compounds of phenol derivatives prepared with diazotizedp-nitraniline yield colored complexes with magnesium in alkaline surroundings. The color of the complexes differs with substituted and non-substituted or variously substituted phenols. It is possible in this way to differentiate phenol, cresol and chlorophenol isomers, and also 2,4- and 2,6-dichlorophenol.Indicator acids result from diazotized nitraniline coupled with aniline;p-nitraniline yields the strongest indicator acid,m-nitraniline the weakest. With this information as a basis, all three isomers can be detected in the presence of each other. In addition, the indicators produced fromp- ando-nitraniline give nitronic acid complexes with magnesium that differ in color, whilem-nitraniline, which is not capable of nitronic acid tautomerism, forms no complex.Naphthylamines gives an indicator base in aqueous medium with diazotizedp-nitraniline, whereas aniline yields an indicator acid. In alcoholic medium, 1-naphthylamine on coupling with diazotizedp-nitraniline produces an amphoteric acid-base indicator, but 2-naphthylamine and aniline yield indicator acids. Naphthylamine and aniline can be detected in this way in the presence of each other. If phenyldiazonium chloride is coupled with naphthylamine, a strong indicator base is obtained with 1-naphthylamine, a weak indicator base with 2-naphthylamine. This indicator action is the basis of the detection of 1-naphthylamine in the presence of 2-naphthylamine.

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Résumé Les composés tétrazoïques des dérivés phénoliques qui se forment avec lap-nitraniline diazotée, donnent avec le magnésium, en milieu alcalin, des complexes colorés. La couleur du complexe diffère suivant que les phénols sont substitués, non substitués ou différemment substitués. On peut ainsi distinguer le phénol, les crésols et les chlorophénols isomères, ainsi que les dichloro-2,4 et -2,6 phénols.En diazotant la nitraniline et en copulant avec l'aniline, des acides indicateurs prennent naissance, lap-nitraniline donnant l'acide indicateur le plus fort, lam-nitraniline le plus faible. En s'appuyant sur ce fait, on peut rechercher les trois isomères en présence les uns des autres. En outre, les indicateurs qui prennent naissance à partir de lap- et de l'o-nitraniline forment avec le magnésium différents complexes colorés acinitrés, alors que lam-nitraniline, qui n'est pas susceptible d'une tautomérie de l'acide nitronique, ne donne pas de complexe.Les naphtylamines donnent avec lap-nitraniline diazotée, en milieu aqueux, une base indicateur et l'aniline, un acide indicateur. En milieu alcoolique, l'-naphtylamine conduit par copulation de lap-nitraniline diazotée à un indicateur acide-base amphotère mais la-naphtylamine et l'aniline à des acides indicateurs. On peut ainsi rechercher la naphtylamine et l'aniline en présence l'une de l'autre. Si l'on copule le chlorure de phenyldiazonium avec la naphtylamine, on obtient avec la forme une base indicateur forte et avec la forme une base indicateur faible. En se fondant sur cette action d'indicateur, on peut rechercher l'-naphtylamine en présence de-naphtylamine.

     

First principles and experimental 1H NMR signatures of solvated ions: The case of HCl(aq).

A combined experimental and ab initio study is presented of the 1H NMR chemical shift distribution of aqueous hydrogen chloride solution as a function of acid concentration, based on Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics simulations and fully periodic NMR chemical-shift calculations. The agreement of computed and experimental spectra is very good. From first-principles calculations, we can show that the individual contributions of Eigen and Zundel ions, regular water molecules, and the chlorine solvation shell to the NMR line are very distinct and almost independent of the acid concentration. From the computed instantaneous NMR distributions, it is further possible to characterize the average variation in hydrogen-bond strength of the different complexes.     

A fluorimetric assay for cortisol

A simple, rapid and sensitive fluorimetric assay for the quantitative determination of cortisol is reported. The assay is based on the formation of a fluorescent dye when cortisol is incubated with a mixture of sulfuric acid and acetic acid. The fluorescence spectrum recorded for the resulting dye shows a maximum extinction at 475 nm and a maximum emission at 525 nm. The solvent 2-methyl-4-pentanone was used for extraction and was found to act as a fluorescence amplifier. A limit of detection of 2.7 μM was achieved, making it possible to forego solvent evaporation. The assay suffers minor interference from 11-deoxycortisol which exhibits low fluorescence at λ _ex: 460 nm; λ _em: 505 nm. Typical standard deviations were below 4%. We validated the assay using a biotransformation with recombinant Schizosaccharomyces pombe which regioselectively hydroxylates 11-deoxycortisol to cortisol. The method described herein is suitable for preliminary screening of microorganisms capable of steroid hydroxylation.     

Double gradient ion chromatography on a short carboxybetaine coated monolithic anion exchanger

An ultra-short 1.0 x 0.46 cm carboxybetaine coated monolithic anion exchanger has been used with a new double gradient ion chromatography (DG-IC) technique. The novel monolithic column can be used with flow rate gradients giving excellent peak efficiencies, and retention times can be simultaneously reduced through combining flow gradients with an eluent pH gradient.     

Single molecular multianalyte sensor: jewel pendant ligand

[structure: see text] The jewel pendant ligand has multiple chromogenic units combined in a single molecule with the dyes linked to a semiselective binding site by three heteroatoms (O, N, S) having different HSAB characteristics, to indicate diverse response to individual transition metal ions. Using a single-molecular multianalyte sensor, multiple analytes could be determined with a minimal sensing system.     

Stilbenophane analogues of deoxycombretastatin A-4

A new family of polyoxygenated stilbenophanes has been synthesized as conformationally restricted analogues of antimitotic combretastatins. By means of the McMurry olefination process, compounds derived from diethyleneglycol and 1,6-hexanediol were obtained, whereas Grubbs' catalyst failed in producing the ring-closing metathesis to this kind of macrocyclic products.     

Comparison of zirconia- and silica-based reversed stationary phases for separation of enkephalins

In this study, the separation of biologically active peptides on two zirconia-based phases, polybutadiene (PBD)-ZrO2 and polystyrene (PS)-ZrO2, and a silica-based phase C18 was compared. Basic differences in interactions on both types of phases led to quite different selectivity. The retention characteristics were investigated in detail using a variety of organic modifiers, buffers, and temperatures. These parameters affected retention, separation efficiency, resolution and symmetry of peaks. Separation systems consisting of Discovery PBD-Zr column and mobile phase composed of a mixture of acetonitrile and phosphate buffer, pH 2.0 (45:55, v/v) at 70 degrees C and Discovery PS-Zr with acetonitrile and phosphate buffer, pH 3.5 in the same (v/v) ratio at 40 degrees C were suitable for a good resolution of enkephalin related peptides. Mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and phosphate buffer, pH 5.0 (22:78, v/v) was appropriate for separation of enkephalins on Supelcosil C18 stationary phase.     

Comparative resin kinetics using in situ fluorescence measurements

The aminolysis of a novel activated ester resin was utilized for kinetic study via continuous in situ fluorescence measurements. A variety of resin compositions (polystyrene, JandaJel, ArgoPore, TentaGel, NovaGel, and PEGA) and solvents (dimethylformamide, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dichlorethane, and toluene) were tested to compare their effects on the reaction rate. A linear relationship between the reaction rate and (solvent polarity x swelling of resin) was elucidated for the aminolysis reaction.     

Fast temperature programming in routine analysis of multiple pesticide residues in food matrices

Flash gas chromatographic (GC) analysis of 15 organophosphorus pesticides commonly occurring in food crops was performed using the Thermedics Detection EZ Flash upgrade kit installed in the oven of a HP 5890 Series II Plus gas chromatograph. The temperature program and splitless time period were the main parameters to be optimized. In the first set of experiments wheat matrix-matched standards were analyzed both by: (i) the flash GC technique (resistive heating of a 5 m capillary column), and (ii) the conventional GC technique (moderate oven temperature programming of a 30 m capillary column). Using the flash GC technique, the analysis time was reduced by a factor of more than 10 compared to the conventional GC technique. Dramatically improved detectability of analytes was achieved due to much narrower peak widths. The flash GC technique was compared with another approach to faster GC analysis employing a 5 m column and fast temperature programming with a conventional GC oven. In comparison with this alternative, in the case of flash GC significantly better retention time repeatability was observed. The other superiority of resistive heating is very rapid cooling down (i.e., equilibration to the initial conditions) which contributes to the increased sample throughput.