全文获取类型
收费全文 | 5851篇 |
免费 | 649篇 |
国内免费 | 748篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 4397篇 |
晶体学 | 76篇 |
力学 | 267篇 |
综合类 | 77篇 |
数学 | 902篇 |
物理学 | 1529篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 14篇 |
2023年 | 115篇 |
2022年 | 198篇 |
2021年 | 210篇 |
2020年 | 253篇 |
2019年 | 262篇 |
2018年 | 219篇 |
2017年 | 223篇 |
2016年 | 277篇 |
2015年 | 311篇 |
2014年 | 360篇 |
2013年 | 525篇 |
2012年 | 520篇 |
2011年 | 511篇 |
2010年 | 396篇 |
2009年 | 369篇 |
2008年 | 432篇 |
2007年 | 358篇 |
2006年 | 329篇 |
2005年 | 226篇 |
2004年 | 178篇 |
2003年 | 125篇 |
2002年 | 131篇 |
2001年 | 77篇 |
2000年 | 74篇 |
1999年 | 67篇 |
1998年 | 48篇 |
1997年 | 46篇 |
1996年 | 36篇 |
1995年 | 17篇 |
1994年 | 27篇 |
1993年 | 26篇 |
1992年 | 14篇 |
1991年 | 15篇 |
1990年 | 16篇 |
1989年 | 17篇 |
1988年 | 20篇 |
1987年 | 13篇 |
1986年 | 8篇 |
1985年 | 18篇 |
1984年 | 14篇 |
1983年 | 13篇 |
1982年 | 13篇 |
1981年 | 10篇 |
1980年 | 17篇 |
1979年 | 11篇 |
1978年 | 18篇 |
1977年 | 13篇 |
1976年 | 11篇 |
1975年 | 9篇 |
排序方式: 共有7248条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
21.
The complete infrared and Raman spectra of 1,1-difluoro-1-silacyclopentane and 1,1-dichloro-1-silacyclopentane have been recorded and analyzed. Furthermore, a number of the vibrational frequencies of the silacyclopentane and silacyclopentane-1, 1-d2 molecules have been reassigned.A normal coordinate calculation for each of these molecules was carried out and this demonstrated the validity of the assignments. Considerable mixing of the modes was found especially where ring vibrations and SiX2 motions were involved. 相似文献
22.
Bin XIN Dan PU Shao Xiang XIONG* Guang Hui WANG Beijing Mass Spectrometry Center Center for Molecular Science Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 《中国化学快报》2003,14(2)
Recently, capillary electrophoresis/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (CE/ESI- MS) has been rapidly developed as a powerful analytical tool for charged species ranged from small molecules such as carboxylic acids1, phenolic compounds2, metal species3, tetramines4, herbicides5, drugs and drug metabolites6 to peptides and proteins7, 8. The ESI mode has proven to be sensitive, versatile and relatively easy to use in combination with CE. CE confers rapid analysis and efficient separ… 相似文献
23.
Summary A new type of liquid-membrane iodide-selective electrode based on a 0.001M solution of tris(l,10-phenanthroline)ruthenium(II) iodide in 1,2-dichlorobenzene is described. The electrode has Nernstian behaviour down to 7×1O–6M iodide. It has good selectivity towards halide (k
I, Cl=5.3×10–6 andk
I, Br=1.6×10–4) and other inorganic ions, and a linear response to iodide at pH-values from 3 to 9. It can be used either in direct iodide analyses or in potentiometric titrations. Titration of halide mixtures or of pseudohalides is also possible. The method has been used for determining the free formaldehyde present in dispersing agents.
Presented at the 8th International Microchemical Symposium, Graz, August 25–30, 1980. 相似文献
Herstellung und analytische Anwendung einer jodid-spezifischen Elektrode mit Flüssigmembran mit einem Metallkomplex als Austauscher
Zusammenfassung Eine neue jodid-spezifische Flüssig-Membran-Elektrode auf der Basis einer 0,001 M Lösung von Tris(1,10-phenanthrolin)-Ruthenium(II)-jodid in 1,2-Dichlorbenzol wurde beschrieben. Sie zeigt Nernstsches Verhalten bis zu 7×10–8 M Jodid, gute Selektivität gegenüber Halogeniden (k I, Cl=5,3× 10–6 undk I, Br=1,6×10–4) und anderen anorganischen Ionen und ein lineares Verhalten gegenüber Jodid bei pH 3–9. Die Elektrode läßt sich für direkte Jodidbestimmungen oder für potentiometrische Titrationen verwenden. Die Titration von Halogenidgemischen oder Pseudohalogeniden ist ebenfalls möglich. Das Verfahren wurde zur Bestimmung von freiem Formaldehyd in Dispersionsmitteln verwendet.
Presented at the 8th International Microchemical Symposium, Graz, August 25–30, 1980. 相似文献
24.
Abstract— High concentrations of organic chromophores, in particular pyrene, were found to incorporate into the cluster network of water swollen Nation. The vibrational structure of the fluorescent molecule and its fluorescence lifetime were used to probe the location of pyrene in this structure. Strong heavy-atom induced room temperature phosphorescence was observed from the chromophore in the water swollen membrane. Excimer formation in tm-butanol swollen Nation was observed and was utilized to estimate the micro viscosity in this system. 相似文献
25.
26.
27.
Fatty acids, which are enriched in vegetable oil, have attracted much attention in low-rank coal flotation because of their unique chemical structure. In this study, density functional theory calculations, molecular dynamics simulations, and atomic force microscopy were employed to investigate the adsorption structure and forces between collectors and hydrophilic surfaces. The results show that fatty acids can be easily adsorbed onto surfaces through hydrogen bonds, and can cover the oxygen sites. The existence of hydration film on hydrophilic surfaces prevented nonpolar molecules from being able to adsorb, while polar fatty acids could adsorb and expel water molecules. The adhesion force between the RCOOH-terminated probe and the surface appeared in the retraction process, which differed significantly from that of the RCH3-terminated probe, indicating that polar fatty acids are more suitable as flotation collectors for low-rank coal than nonpolar hydrocarbon oil. The simulation and AFM test revealed the mechanisms of polar fatty acids, and can provide guidance for low-rank coal flotation applications. 相似文献
28.
基于Arnold变换的图像逆置乱算法 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
针对Arnold变换的周期依赖于图像的阶数这一特性,提出了一种反变换算法.该算法通过分析加密图像任一点处两坐标分量间关系,得到原图像相应点的坐标,从而实现图像的解密.该反变换也可作为图像置乱的正变换,相应的反变换就是Arnold变换.在此基础上,把二维反变换算法推广到m维的情形.实验结果表明,对于已应用Arnold变换进行预处理的置乱图像,在无须计算原图像变换周期的前提下可快速实现图像的逆置乱,该过程具有确定性,其迭代次数与预处理置乱次数相等. 相似文献
29.
赵丹 《宁波大学学报(理工版)》2006,19(1):132-136
全面展示了全球主要港口管理体系现状.通过对世界各国港口管理体制改革的研究,对改制后的几种港口管理模式进行了比较分析,并指出港口管理结构重组的主要任务是通过实施“解除管制”措施以及推动商业化、企业化和民营化进程来限制政府的干预范围,吸引私方资本.尤其对世界港口管理体制改革过程中存在的局限性进行了探索和分析,并提出了相应的解决对策、最后得出:港口体制改革机构在实施改革之前,应根据各国港口发展环境的具体情况,考虑采取一系列相应的有效配套措施,以便改制后的港口能更好地适应市场竞争和经济全球化需求. 相似文献
30.
In recent studies of generative adversarial networks (GAN), researchers have attempted to combine adversarial perturbation with data hiding in order to protect the privacy and authenticity of the host image simultaneously. However, most of the studied approaches can only achieve adversarial perturbation through a visible watermark; the quality of the host image is low, and the concealment of data hiding cannot be achieved. In this work, we propose a true data hiding method with adversarial effect for generating high-quality covers. Based on GAN, the data hiding area is selected precisely by limiting the modification strength in order to preserve the fidelity of the image. We devise a genetic algorithm that can explore decision boundaries in an artificially constrained search space to improve the attack effect as well as construct aggressive covert adversarial samples by detecting “sensitive pixels” in ordinary samples to place discontinuous perturbations. The results reveal that the stego-image has good visual quality and attack effect. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to use covert data hiding to generate adversarial samples based on GAN. 相似文献