The influence of some fuzzy implication operators on the accuracy of a fuzzy model-part II

The influence of fuzzy implication operators and the connective Also on the accuracy of a fuzzy model of a d.c. series motor is considered. Some typical fuzzy implication operators are applied to the construction of a fuzzy model of a d.c. series motor. A root-mean-square error is used as the criterion of the fuzzy model's adequacy to the real system. A number of mathematical operations necessary for the implementation of the fuzzy model are used as the criterion by which the fuzzy model's applicability if estimated from the point of view of computing techniques. The best types of fuzzy relations, representing fuzzy models of a real system, are chosen in order to secure the least root-mean-square error with minimal number of mathematical operations necessary for computer implementation.     

Adsorption from solutions on patchwise heterogeneous solids

An attempt is made to develop the expression for surface excess, in adsorption of binary ideal mixtures on patchwise heterogeneous surfaces. The distribution of adsorption energies is evaluated for an adsorption system, investigated experimentally and theoretically by Sircar and Mayers.     

Chiral corrections to the axion mass

The leading non analytic chiral corrections to the mass of the invisible axion and to the parameters describing its mixing with the pion and the eta are calculated. It is found that these corrections are much smaller than expected on the basis of order of magnitude estimates. The correction to the decay width into two photons is also found to be negligible.     

Concepts of lower semicontinuity and continuous selections for convex valued multifunctions

We discuss several concepts of continuity, weaker than lower semicontinuity, but still implying the existence of a continuous selection for a closed convex valued multifunction from a paracompact Hausdorff topological space into a Banach space. In this way, an extension of Michael's celebrated selection theorem is given. The behavior of -envelop approximations, as well as the localization of continuous selections, is also discussed.     

The role of the liquid interface agent in mechanical properties improvement of modified chalk filled polyolefins

On the basis of the experimental results described in detail in the following sections an explanation of the mechanism of liquid modifier in chalk filled PP action was proposed. After concluding that liquid modifier does not change the sample morphology and crystallinity it was stated that it facilitates filler particles translocation in polymer matrix during deformation. Such translocations are the necessary condition for saturation of volume increase of the sample due to void formation in the process of polymer filler separation preserving the sample from its premature fracture. The most important physicochemical parameter of liquid modifier seems to be its molecular weight. This parameter determines liquids ability to migrate in micropore structure arising under stress and thus to act as a cracking agent. The possibility of the importance of more efficient heat dissipation in the sample was shown indicating the role of better thermal contacts in the sample in the case of modified chalk used as a filler. Such picture of mechanism of liquid modifier action leads also to two important conclusions:

Due to polymer filler separation by means of liquid layer no further filler particles surface processing, as in some cases, is needed.

The method of modification can be easily generalized for other polymers especially other polyolefins [19], [20] as physicochemical requirements for liquid are known.

     

Epstein-layer and dielectric-slab electromagnetic models of semiconductor injection lasers

This paper is devoted to a comparison of two electromagnetic models of junction lasers — the dielectric slab and the Epstein layer. The main emphasis is on the discussion of possible methods of matching the parameters appearing in both models. The threshold condition for active layer thickness and mode frequency at a given gain and mode number is solved numerically. It is shown that the discrepancies between both models become reasonably small when a proper method, involving averaging of the dielectric constant over the active and passive regions, is applied. The cases of the three lowest order TE transverse modes of homojunction, single-, and double-heterojunction lasers are considered. The obtained results suggest that the Epstein-layer model can approximate experimental data as well as the dielectricslab model does.     

Optical activity of nitrosamines: A new sector rule for the N-nitroso chromophore

We have reinvestigated the chiroptical properties of the nitrosamines as ambiguous statement have been reported in the literature.The present paper reports a new sector rule for the N-nitroso chromophore, which has been developed through perturbation of the octant rule for the higher symmetry N-nitro chromophore. The “lowered symmetry” sector rule so obtained has been tested on several nitrosamines of known conformation and on compounds occurring in equilibrium mixtures of conformational isomers. The conformation of the former and the syn/anti rotamer ratio of the latter were determined by NMR spectroscopy. The sign of the Cotton effect of the nitrosamines investigated by us and of those reported in the literature is governed by the rule here presented.The vibrational structure of the CD spectra has been discussed.     

All possible generators of supersymmetries of the S-matrix

A generator of a symmetry or supersymmetry of the S-matrix has to have three simple properties (see sect. 2). Starting from these properties one can give a complete analysis of the possible structure of the pseudo Lie algebra of these generators. In a theory with non-vanishing masses one finds that the only extension of previously known relations is the possible appearance of “central charges” as anticommutators of Fermi charges. In the massless case (disregarding infrared problems and symmetry breaking) the Fermi charges may generate the conformal group together with a unitary internal symmetry group.