零势场中变质量粒子的束缚能谱

结合点正则变换(PCT)与分析转移矩阵(ATM)两种方法,得到了零势场中变质量粒子的束缚能谱.通过计算变质量粒子穿透零势场的概率,发现并解释了透射谱中共振峰与本征能量的一一对应关系.     

移动Ad Hoc网络动力学同步能力的研究

研究了移动Ad Hoc网络的动力学同步行为.用特征值比R来衡量网络的同步能力,特征值比R越小,同步能力越强.结果表明最初该网络的特征值比R随聚类系数C的增加而增加,继续增大聚类系数,特征值比反而减小.特征值比随聚类系数并不是普遍的正比关系也不是反比关系,而是先增大后减小,明显存在一个极值.     

神龙一号轫致辐射靶靶区回流离子测量

神龙一号直线感应加速器(LIA)产生的强流高功率的脉冲电子束与X光转换靶作用后可以产生高剂量的X光,同时由于转换靶的被烧蚀破坏在靶面产生回流离子,该回流离子的存在影响到电子束的聚焦。设计了4套法拉第筒及其对应的偏压电路,法拉第筒被放置在神龙一号X光转换靶上游不同位置,分布在电子束轴线两侧,电路设计最高偏压为1 kV;对神龙一号LIA的X光转换靶面产生的回流离子进行了实验测量,分别得到回流正离子密度约在1021/m3,离子运动速度可达2～3 mm/s。计算比较表明,该离子流强度与神龙一号靶前电子束流相差很大,只有电子束流强的0.27%,对神龙一号电子束聚焦不会造成影响。     

强流柱对称相对论电子束的势能与发射度

推导了柱对称相对论电子束在漂移管内的空间电荷势及相互作用势能,分析了势能在束流传输过程中的变化规律,并与束流均方根发射度的变化方程比较。指出一部分势能随束流传输过程中包络振荡而呈现出可逆的变化;而另一部分势能则在束流传输系统及束流本身非线性力的作用下,随着电荷密度分布变化而转为电荷横向热运动能量,从而导致束流归一化发射度的增长,这种转化是一个不可逆的过程。     

非局域密度泛函理论表征活性炭孔径分布的改进算法

为提高由NLDFT计算值确定活性炭孔径分布(PSD)的精度,根据测得的77K氮在非石墨化碳黑BP460和椰壳活性炭K05上的吸附数据,比较了吸附空间及壁面结构采取不同假设对计算结果的影响。结果表明,常规将活性炭吸附空间近似为无限尺寸的石墨化碳黑表面构成的狭缝孔,并由Lorenz-Berthelot混合法则确定相互作用参数,计算值在较低压力区域和试验值之间的偏差明显;而将吸附壁面结构近似为非石墨化碳黑,并由表面粗糙度和石墨晶格分布的误差函数修正相互作用参数后,计算结果和试验值吻合良好。分析结果时发现,归一化方法和考虑周边吸附质分子作用的加权函数是影响NLDFT计算结果准确性的关键因素。     

A Surface Femtosecond Two-Photon Photoemission Spectrometer for Excited Electron Dynamics and Time-Dependent Photochemical Kinetics

搭建了一套研究金属和金属氧化物表面的超快激发态电子动力学和光化学动力学的飞秒双光子光电子能谱仪. 该装置将半球形电子能量分析仪和成像技术相结合,同时测量光电子的能量和角度分布.通过Mach-Zehnder干涉仪测量时间分辨的双光子光电子能谱获得超快激发电子态的动力学信息. 这一功能在Cu(111)上得到了证实. 另外还发展了一个通过实时测量双光子光电子能谱来研究表面光化学的方法,并成功应用到CH₃CH₂OH/TiO₂(110)体系. 研究表明,只有将两种方法结合起来才能正确地研究光诱导的表面激发共振的动力学.     

液滴冲击液膜过程实验研究

实验显示了液滴撞击物体表面液膜后产生水花、发生飞溅,特别是产生“钟形”水花等的流动现象.根据实验结果,探讨了液滴冲击速度、液体黏性、表面张力、液滴直径和液膜厚度等对液滴冲击后产生的流动现象,以及液膜形状演化的影响,分析了观测到的鲜有文献报道的液滴撞击液膜后产生“钟形”水花的现象.     

Low-energy Ce spin excitations in CeFeAsO and CeFeAsO0.84F0.16

We use inelastic neutron scattering to study the low-energy spin excitations of polycrystalline samples of nonsuperconducting CeFeAsO and superconducting CeFeAsO_0.84F_0.16. Two sharp dispersionless modes are found at 0.85 and 1.16 meV in CeFeAsO below the Ce antiferromagnetic (AF) ordering temperature of T _N ^Ce ˜ 4 K. On warming to above T _N ^Ce ˜ 4 K, these two modes become one broad dispersionless mode that disappears just above the Fe ordering temperature T _N ^Fe ˜ 140 K. For superconducting CeFeAsO_0.84F_0.16, where Fe static AF order is suppressed, we find a weakly dispersive mode center at 0.4 meV that may arise from short-range Ce-Ce exchange interactions. Using a Heisenberg model, we simulate powder-averaged Ce spin wave excitations. Our results show that we need both Ce spin wave and crystal electric field excitations to account for the whole spectra of low-energy spin excitations.     

A New Gradient Method with an Optimal Stepsize Property

The gradient method for the symmetric positive definite linear system is as follows

Direct measurements of interactions between polypeptides and carbon nanotubes

The interactions of various polypeptides with individual carbon nanotubes (CNTs), both multiwall (MW) and single wall (SW), were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). While adhesion forces arising from electrostatic attraction interactions between the protonated amine groups of polylysine and carboxylic groups on the acid-oxidized multi-wall carbon nanotubes (Ox-MWCNTs) dominate the interaction at a low pH, weaker adhesion forces via the hydrogen bonding between the neutral -NH2 groups of polylysine and -COO- groups of the Ox-MWCNTs were detected at a high pH. The adhesion force was further found to increase with the oxidation time for Ox-MWCNTs and to be negligible for oxidized single-wall carbon nanotubes (Ox-SWCNTs) because carboxylate groups were only attached onto the nanotube tips in the latter whereas onto both the nanotube tips and sidewall in the former. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that proteins containing aromatic moieties, such as polytryptophan, showed a stronger adhesion force with Ox-MWCNTs than that of polylysine because of the additional pi-pi stacking interaction between the polytryptophan chains and CNTs.