Analysis of a new phase and height algorithm in phase measurement profilometry

Optical Review - Traditional phase measurement profilometry adopts divergent illumination to obtain the height distribution of a measured object accurately. However, the mapping relation between...     

Interfacial Evolution of Lithium Dendrites and Their Solid Electrolyte Interphase Shells of Quasi-Solid-State Lithium-Metal Batteries

Unstable electrode/solid-state electrolyte interfaces and internal lithium dendrite penetration hamper the applications of solid-state lithium-metal batteries (SSLMBs), and the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Herein, in situ optical microscopy provides insights into the lithium plating/stripping processes in a gel polymer electrolyte and reveals its dynamic evolution. Spherical lithium deposits evolve into moss-like and branch-shaped lithium dendrites with increasing current densities. Remarkably, the on-site-formed solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) shell on the lithium dendrite is distinctly captured after lithium stripping. Inducing an on-site-formed SEI shell with an enhanced modulus to wrap the lithium precipitation densely and uniformly can regulate dendrite-free behaviors. An in-depth understanding of lithium dendrite evolution and its functional SEI shell will aid in the optimization of SSLMBs.     

Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for determination of fulvestrant in rat plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic studies of a novel fulvestrant microcrystal

Fulvestrant (‘Faslodex’), an estrogen receptor antagonist, is available for the treatment of advanced breast cancer. The oil-based vehicle of Faslodex can lead to various adverse effects. A novel fulvestrant microcrystal (aqueous suspension) was developed in this study to eliminate these adverse effects. A sensitive and robust liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the determination of fulvestrant in rat plasma using supported-liquid extraction. The separation of fulvestrant was achieved on an Agilent SB-C₁₈ column (2.1 × 50 mm, 3.5 μm) with isocratic elution using fulvestrant-d3 as internal standard. Mass spectrometric detection was conducted in negative multiple reaction monitoring mode. Ion transitions were at m/z 605.5 → 427.5 for fulvestrant and m/z 608.5 → 430.5 for fulvestrant-d3. The excellent linearity was demonstrated over the range 0.05–100.0 ng/ml (r² = 0.99). The lower limit of quantitation was 0.05 ng/ml, which was superior to that reported in literature The method validation was evaluated by selectivity, accuracy, precision, recovery and matrix effect in agreement with the US Food and Drug Administration guidance. The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of a novel fulvestrant microcrystal in rats after intramuscular administration. It revealed that the rate of absorption increases and the extent of absorption is constant with a decrease in microcrystal diameter.     

Thermal performances of saturated porous soil during freezing process using lattice Boltzmann method

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - A stochastic growth method for generating the porous soil structure is proposed, and an enthalpy-based lattice Boltzmann phase transition model is...     

WEIGHTED INEQUALITIES FOR THE GEOMETRIC MAXIMAL OPERATOR ON MARTINGALE SPACES

In this article, the authors introduce two operators-geometrical maximal operator Mo and the closely related limiting operator M0^＊, then they give sufficient conditions under which the equality M0=MM0^＊ holds, and characterize the equivalent relations between the weak or strong type weighted inequality and the property of W∞-weight or W∞^＊-weight for the geometrical maximal operator in the case of two-weight condition. What should be mentioned is that the new operator-the geometrical minimal operator is equal to the limitation of the minimal operator sequence, and the results for the minimal operator proved in [12] makes the proof elegant and evident.     

Electrocatalytic activity of supported gold nanoparticles toward CO oxidation: The perimeter effect of gold–support interface

The gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) sputtered on indium tin oxide (ITO) were used to investigate the origin of the high catalytic activity of AuNPs toward electrooxidation of CO in alkali media. We demonstrated that the catalytic activity is closely related to the gold–ITO perimeter, which represents only a very small percentage of the total surface area of AuNPs. Increasing the perimeter-to-surface ratio of the ITO-supported AuNPs leads to an increase of catalytic activity. This work provides a potential strategy to further promote the catalytic activity of AuNPs in the electrochemical system.     

Three New Dimeric Orcinol Glucosides from Curculigo orchioides

Three new phenolic glucosides named orcinosides A, B, and C ( 1, 2 , and 3 , resp.) were isolated in low yields (4.0×10⁻⁶, 11.5×10⁻⁶, 4.5×10⁻⁶%, resp.) from the rhizomes of Curculigo orchioides. Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses including FAB‐MS, HR‐ESI‐MS, IR, and 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR (HSQC, HMBC) data. Compounds 1 – 3 contained two orcinol‐glucoside moieties linked through a CH₂ group.