彩色照片制作技术

彩色照片由于色彩鲜艳．形象逼真，在工农业生产、科研和日常生活中得到广泛应用。本文就校正偏色与曝光谈一下自己的看法。     

The effects of P3HT crystallinity in bilayer structure organic solar cells

Because of favorable charge transport properties with a lower possibility of recombination, bilayer structure solar cells have received significant ongoing attention. The simplest approach to obtain better transport properties of a charge carrier is to increase the crystallinity of the active layer. In this work, we investigated the effect of the crystallinity of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) on the PCE of bilayer solar cells. The self-assembled nano-fibril morphology induced by the addition of the non-soluble acetonitrile (AN) solvent induces a significant improvement of charge transport properties in field-effect transistors (FET). However, the self-assembled nano-fibril morphology of P3HT did not have a beneficial effect on the bilayer solar cells. Since the P3HT nano-fibrils were generally placed in parallel with the substrate, the FET device which uses lateral transport could produce an enhancement of the device properties. However, because of the difficulty of charge transport in the vertical direction between horizontally aligned fibrils, the properties of the solar cell device did not improve with increased P3HT crystallinity. Therefore, we concluded that simply increasing the crystallinity may not be sufficient to deliver a PCE enhancement in bilayer structures because of the anisotropic transport properties of the semiconducting polymer which depend on the orientation of the backbone.     

Preheated solvent exposure on P3HT:PCBM thin film: A facile strategy to enhance performance in bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cells

In this study, we explored the ability of a preheated solvent (methanol) to induce characteristic changes at the organic active layer/metal interface, thereby improving the performance of fabricated organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells composed of poly(3-hexylthiopene) (P3HT) and a [6,6]-phenyl-C₇₁-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) photoactive blend. Our results demonstrate that exposure to methanol (at room temperature, or preheated at 45 °C or 65 °C) improves the performance of the fabricated OPV cells. After preheated methanol exposure, the P3HT:PCBM thin films were tested for crystallinity, morphology, mobility, and photovoltaic characteristics. Our results revealed that use of the preheated solvent on the organic active layer significantly influences the micro/nano scale morphology and phase segregation of the P3HT:PCBM thin films, as well as the charge carrier mobility. It is hypothesized that the side chain ordering of P3HT and redistribution of PCBM could be results of the modified active layer. Consequently, OPV cells modified with the methanol preheated at 65 °C exhibited a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.36%, with open-circuit voltage of 0.59 V, short-circuit current density of 13.83 mA/cm², and fill-factor of 0.41. In contrast, the unmodified P3HT:PCBM thin film (without methanol exposure) showed a PCE of only 2.13%.     

Si/Ge/Si异质横向SPiN二极管固态等离子体解析模型

采用横向表面PiN(SPiN)二极管构造的硅基可重构天线具有众多优于传统天线的独特优势, 是实现天线小型化和提升雷达与微波通信系统性能的有效技术途径. 本文提出一种Si/Ge/Si异质横向SPiN二极管, 并基于双极扩散模型与Fletcher型边界条件, 在大注入条件下建立了二极管结电压、电流密度与本征区固态等离子体浓度分布解析模型, 并数值模拟分析了本征区长度、P⁺与N⁺区掺杂浓度、外加电压对所建模型的影响. 结果表明, 固态等离子体浓度随本征区长度的增加下降, 随外加电压的增加而指数上升, 随P⁺与N⁺区掺杂浓度的提高而上升, 电流密度随外加电压的增加而指数上升. 同等条件下, 异质SPiN二极管的固态等离子体浓度相比同质二极管提高近7倍以上. 本文所建模型为硅基可重构天线的设计与应用提供有效的参考.     

高压及热处理对氮碳薄膜激光诱导荧光效应的影响

应用激光激发荧光光谱实验对经热处理后及高压条件下的氮碳薄膜荧光光谱进行了测量分析。实验显示,热处理效应和高压效应均导致薄膜荧光疚降有者表现为不可恢复,后者为可恢复即卸压后荧光效率的恢复,表明导致荧光光谱效率低的微观机制不同,为氮碳薄膜荧光模型提供了新的实验证据。     

里兹方法在光波导理论中的应用

本文讨论了在三层平板介质波导中TE波的传播问题.三层平板的芯区由Kerr介质构成,其折射率平方(n²)的剖面分布随x作抛物分布变化.本文将应用变分法中的里兹方法,求出亥姆霍兹方程的第一级近似的解析解.     

基于一维卷积神经网络的雌激素粉末拉曼光谱定性分类

拉曼光谱物质定性鉴别已被广泛应用于诸多行业和研究领域,但传统拉曼光谱分析过程中的预处理主要依赖人为经验,光谱特征提取虽然能够降低信号维度,同时也会造成部分光谱信息损失。特性相近物质本身光谱相似度较高,受到测量过程中环境干扰和分析过程中多种误差影响,导致最终分类效果并不理想。针对此问题,提出基于一维卷积神经网络（one-dimensional convolution neural network,1D-CNN）的拉曼光谱定性分类方法。实验采集雌酮（Estrone）、雌二醇（Estradiol）,雌三醇（Estriol）三种不同雌性激素粉末的拉曼光谱,设计随机平移、添加噪声和随机加权三种光谱数据增强方法,构建数量充足的拉曼光谱数据库用于神经网络模型训练与测试;基于拉曼光谱数据特点提出一维卷积神经网络分类模型,将光谱预处理、特征提取和定性分类的全过程融为一体。通过大量仿真实验,优化所提出的神经网络模型超参数和训练过程并测试分类效果,从预处理对光谱分类结果的影响和模型抗干扰性能两个方面与多种传统拉曼光谱分类算法对比,评价模型性能。实验结果表明,本文提出的一维卷积神经网络模型可实现三类雌性激素粉末拉曼光谱快速准确分类,分类正确率最高可达98.26%,分析过程中无需光谱预处理和特征提取步骤,简化了光谱分析流程,并能保留更多有效信息。同时,当模拟测量噪声强度达到60 dBW时,传统方法分类正确率均明显出现不同程度明显降低,卷积神经网络模型依然能够取得96.81%的分类正确率,说明相比对传统拉曼光谱分类方法,所提出方法受光谱测量噪声影响更小,鲁棒性更强,适用于分析更复杂现场测量的强噪声拉曼光谱信号。该研究结果表明深度学习方法在拉曼光谱的分析与处理领域具有很大的应用潜力和研究价值。     

基于EPICS的CSRe束流诊断控制系统升级

兰州重离子加速器(HIRFL)冷却存储环的实验环（CSRe）提供高品质的束流用于高精度的质量测量、原子物理等实验研究,实现束流参数的准确测量是进行物理实验的前提保障。目前,CSRe加速器控制系统已升级为EPICS架构。介绍了基于EPICS的束流诊断控制系统现状,并利用升级后的控制系统测量了束流相关参数。其中,束流位置系统能够测量注入束流的逐圈位置信息,测量结果发现束流在注入过程中存在一定程度的震荡,影响注入效率。流强测量系统通过高分辨的数据采集卡实现对DCCT信号的精确测量,同时增加了D事例触发功能。升级后的控制系统,可以实现束流参数的测量,并集成于加速器控制系统的EPICS CSS界面。