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961.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can serve as important biomarkers for genetic diseases, for which accurate detection of SNPs is essential for early diagnosis. We have developed a novel SNP sensor by combining a Au nanowire-on-film surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) platform with S1 nuclease reaction. The combined sensor system provides reproducible SERS signals only in the presence of perfectly matched target DNAs, to probe DNAs as a result of single-stranded DNA-specific degradation by S1 nuclease. Furthermore, point mutations in DNA causing Wilson disease and Avellino corneal dystrophy were successfully identified by this sensor, thereby indicating its practical ability to diagnose genetic diseases. 相似文献
962.
Kang IJ Khan NA Haque E Jhung SH 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2011,17(23):6437-6442
Chemical and thermal stabilities of isotypic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) like Al-BDC (Al-benzenedicarboxylate called MIL-53-Al), Cr-BDC (MIL-53-Cr) and V-BDC (MIL-47-V), after purification to remove uncoordinated organic linkers, have been compared to understand the effect of the central metal ions on the stabilities of the porous MOF-type materials. Chemical stability to acids, bases, and water decreases in the order of Cr-BDC>Al-BDC>V-BDC, suggesting stability increases with increasing inertness of the central metal ions. However, thermal stability decreases in the order of Al-BDC>Cr-BDC> V-BDC, and this tendency may be explained by the strength of the metal-oxygen bond in common oxides like Al(2)O(3), Cr(2)O(3), and V(2)O(5). In order to evaluate precisely the stability of a MOF, it is necessary to remove uncoordinated organic linkers that are located in the pores of the MOF, because a filled MOF may be more stable than the same MOF after purification. 相似文献
963.
传感器与传感整合系统组的报告有:(1)Ashvarev,应用脉冲电极作离子选择电极的无偏压选择性测定;(2)R de Marco,离子选择性原子X显微术--一种新的材料鉴定技术;(3)S P Kounares,应用离子选择性电极分析火星表面;(4)M DPietrazak,以Rh(Ⅲ)络合物为基础的选择性测定NO2-的电化与学光传感器;(5)E Baker,聚合物膜离子传感器的电化激发;(6)A Raclu,应用电化阻抗谱探测离子选择膜的功能性质与程度;(7)MGratzl,在活体民试管中进行以光极为基础的银传感器试验,应用于型小实验室中的动物代谢监测. 相似文献
964.
965.
在氩气气氛和1173 K保温条件下对La0.63 Gd0.2 Mg0.17Ni3.1 Co0.3 Al0.1储氢合金进行不同时间(t=8 ~168 h)的热处理,采用电感耦合等离子发射光谱(ICP)、X射线衍射(XRD)、电子探针显微分析方法(EPMA)和电化学测试分析方法对比研究了退火时间对合金显微组织演化和电化学性能的影响.研究结果表明,铸态合金组织由Ce2 Ni7型、Gd2Co7型、Pr5 Co19型、PuNi3型和CaCu5型相组成,其Ce2 Ni7型相的丰度为78.9%,随退火时间的延长,退火合金中Ce2 Ni7型相的丰度逐渐增加,当退火时间t=168 h时其相丰度达到94.5%,Ce2 Ni7型相结构的晶胞参数和晶胞体积随退火时间增加而减小.电化学测试分析表明,退火合金电极的电化学性能与Ce2 Ni7型相的丰度有密切关系,退火时间对合金电极的活化性能影响不大,但合金电极放电容量随退火时间的延长逐渐提高,当t=168 h时,合金电极放电容量达到最大值386.8mAh·g-1;退火时间对合金电极循环稳定性的提高和改善有不同程度的影响,当退火时间t=16~168 h时,经100次充放电循环后,其电极容量保持率S100=90.3%~91.5%.热处理能有效改善合金电极电化学反应的动力学性能,但不同退火时间对合金电极的高倍率放电性能影响不明显. 相似文献
966.
Cho KR Huang Y Yu S Yin S Plomp M Qiu SR Lakshminarayanan R Moradian-Oldak J Sy MS De Yoreo JJ 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2011,133(22):8586-8593
Aberrant protein aggregation causes numerous neurological diseases including Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), but the aggregation mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we report AFM results on the formation pathways of β-oligomers and nonfibrillar aggregates from wild-type full-length recombinant human prion protein (WT) and an insertion mutant (10OR) with five additional octapeptide repeats linked to familial CJD. Upon partial denaturing, seeds consisting of 3-4 monomers quickly appeared. Oligomers of ~11-22 monomers then formed through direct interaction of seeds, rather than by subsequent monomer attachment. All larger aggregates formed through association of these β-oligomers. Although both WT and 10OR exhibited identical aggregation mechanisms, the latter oligomerized faster due to lower solubility and, hence, thermodynamic stability. This novel aggregation pathway has implications for prion diseases as well as others caused by protein aggregation. 相似文献
967.
Sahu A Qi L Kang MS Deng D Norris DJ 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2011,133(17):6509-6512
A general, one-pot, single-step method for producing colloidal silver chalcogenide (Ag(2)E; E = Se, S, Te) nanocrystals is presented, with an emphasis on Ag(2)Se. The method avoids exotic chemicals, high temperatures, and high pressures and requires only a few minutes of reaction time. While Ag(2)S and Ag(2)Te are formed in their low-temperature monoclinic phases, Ag(2)Se is obtained in a metastable tetragonal phase not observed in the bulk. 相似文献
968.
Fluorescent contrast agents with high specificity and sensitivity are valuable for accurate disease detection and diagnosis. Spherical gold nanoparticles (GNPs) can be smartly utilized for developing highly effective agents. The strong electromagnetic (plasmon) field on their surface can be very effective in influencing the electrons of fluorophores and, thus, manipulating the fluorescence output (i.e., either quenching or enhancement). Fluorescence quenching can be used for negative sensing, or for conditional de-quenching to increase the specificity. Fluorescence enhancement allows sensing to be more sensitive. The level of fluorescence alteration depends on the GNP size, the excitation and emission wavelengths and quantum yield of the fluorophore, and the distance between the GNP and the fluorophore. To understand the mechanisms of the fluorescence change by GNP, we have theoretically analyzed the parameters involved in the fluorescence alteration for commonly used fluorophores, with an emphasis on quenching. The results showed that the fluorescence of fluorophores with the excitation (Ex) and emission (Ex) wavelengths close to the GNP resonance peak tended to be significantly quenched by GNPs. For those fluorophores emitting fluorescence in red or near infrared, to achieve quenching, the distance between GNP and the fluorophore was required to be very short. In general, a shorter distance resulted in more quenching. Bigger GNPs require a shorter distance to achieve the same level of quenching. The fluorescence of a fluorophore with a lower quantum yield (especially the one with emission in far-red or near-infrared) is more difficult to be quenched by GNPs (requires very short distance). Instead, it can be enhanced. Based on the theoretical study, we have developed a near-infrared contrast agent, i.e., Cypate conjugated GNP via a short peptide spacer. Normally the fluorescence of Cypate was quenched. The spacer has a motif of a substrate for urokinase type plasminogen activator (uPA; cancer-secreting enzyme). This contrast agent emits fluorescence only in the presence of uPA, where the uPA cleaves the spacer. This design can be used in characterization of the cancer type and also in diagnosing other diseases with signature enzymes. 相似文献
969.
Zhang Q Kang M Peterson RD Feigon J 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2011,133(14):5190-5193
Riboswitches regulate gene expression via specific recognition of cognate metabolites by their aptamer domains, which fold into stable conformations upon ligand binding. However, the recently reported solution and crystal structures of the Bacillus subtilis preQ(1) riboswitch aptamer show small but significant differences, suggesting that there may be conformational heterogeneity in the ligand-bound state. We present a structural and dynamic characterization of this aptamer by solution NMR spectroscopy. The aptamer-preQ(1) complex is intrinsically flexible in solution, with two regions that undergo motions on different time scales. Three residues move in concert on the micro-to-millisecond time scale and may serve as the lid of the preQ(1)-binding pocket. Several Ca(2+) ions are present in the crystal structure, one of which binds with an affinity of 47 ± 2 μM in solution to a site that is formed only upon ligand binding. Addition of Ca(2+) to the aptamer-preQ(1) complex in solution results in conformational changes that account for the differences between the solution and crystal structures. Remarkably, the Ca(2+) ions present in the crystal structure, which were proposed to be important for folding and ligand recognition, are not required for either in solution. 相似文献
970.
We have performed Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics (CPMD) calculations of the hydrogen-bonded NH(3)-HCl dimer. Our main aim is to establish how ionic-orbital coupling in CPMD affects the vibrational dynamics in hydrogen-bonded systems by characterizing the dependence of the calculated vibrational frequencies upon the orbital mass in the adiabatic limit of Car-Parrinello calculations. We use the example of the NH(3)-HCl dimer because of interest in its vibrational spectrum, in particular the magnitude of the frequency shift of the H-Cl stretch due to the anharmonic interactions when the hydrogen bond is formed. We find that an orbital mass of about 100 a.u. or smaller is required in order for the ion-orbital coupling to be linear in orbital mass, and the results for which can be accurately extrapolated to the adiabatic limit of zero orbital mass. We argue that this is general for hydrogen-bonded systems, suggesting that typical orbital mass values used in CPMD are too high to accurately describe vibrational dynamics in hydrogen-bonded systems. Our results also show that the usual application of a scaling factor to the CPMD frequencies to correct for the effects of orbital mass is not valid. For the dynamics of the dimer, we find that the H-Cl stretch and the N-H-Cl bend are significantly coupled, suggesting that it is important to include the latter degree of freedom in quantum dynamical calculations. Results from our calculations with deuterium-substitution show that both these degrees of freedom have significant anharmonic interactions. Our calculated frequency for the H-Cl stretch using the Becke-exchange Lee-Yang-Parr correlation functional compares reasonably well with a previous second-order M?ller-Plesset calculation with anharmonic corrections, although it is low compared to the experimental value for the dimer trapped in a neon-matrix. 相似文献