Annealing-free Poly(3-hexylthiophene):[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester-based organic solar cells

We report on the fabrication of efficient annealing-free organic solar cells using co-solvent solution considered as a promising method for low-cost and time-saving manufacturing. Higher device efficiency could be obtained compared to the pure solvent casted device, resulting from the improved crystallinity, optical absorption and transport properties. The power conversion efficiency of 2.8% was obtained, demonstrating the feasibility of achieving low-cost and high-efficiency organic solar cells without any additional treatment and processing additives.     

Effect of solvent on directional drift in Brownian motion of particle/molecule with broken symmetry

The directional drifting of particles/molecules with broken symmetry has received increasing attention. Through molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate the effects of various solvents on the time-dependent directional drifting of a particle with broken symmetry. Our simulations show that the distance of directional drift of the asymmetrical particle is reduced while the ratio of the drift to the mean displacement of the particle is enhanced with increasing mass, size, and interaction strength of the solvent atoms in a short time range. Among the parameters considered, solvent atom size is a particularly influential factor for enhancing the directional drift of asymmetrical particles, while the effects of the interaction strength and the mass of the solvent atoms are relatively weaker. These findings are of great importance to the understanding and control of the Brownian motion of particles in various physical, chemical, and biological processes within finite time spans.     

Interactive Phenomena of a Rotating Arc and a Premixed CH4 Flame

The interactive phenomena between a rotating arc and a premixed methane/air flame have been investigated. The effects of the rotating arc on the flame were observed: both lean and rich flammability limit was extended with the rotating arc on. More interestingly, the opposite interactions, i.e., the effects of the flame on the rotating arc, were also observed: the arc length, angular speed, and electrical characteristics are affected by the flame. An analysis of the optical emission spectra showed that the rotating arc generates chemically active species such as excited N₂ molecules and O and H atoms. An analysis of the gas products indicated that the concentrations of the major gas products such as CO₂, CO, and H₂ were not significantly affected by the rotating arc, although the flammability limit are significantly extended. Unlike these major gas products, minor products like NO_x emissions increased by an order of magnitude in the presence of a rotating arc under certain air/fuel conditions.     

Phase fluctuation of self-phase-controlled stimulated Brillouin scattering waves via K8 glass

As stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) materials, solids have many advantages such as compactness, innoxiousness, and ease of handling. The SBS threshold and reflectivity of K8 glass, a solid material, are investigated. A SBS phase control experiment using K8 glass to achieve coherent beam combination is performed with a self-phase-control technique below the optical damage threshold. The experimental results show that the short-term phase has been stabilized well with λ/33.8 fluctuation during 256 shots (25.6 s), and that the long-term phase change with non-convective K8 glass is much slower than that with convective HT-70 liquid.     

Inhibiting effect of carbonate on the photoinduced flatband potential shifts during water photooxidation at TiO2/solution interface

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - The TiO2/solution interfacial junction is of scientific and practical importance in the field of photoelectrochemical water splitting. Illumination of this...     

Synthesis and evaluation of triphenylphosphonium conjugated 18F-labeled silica nanoparticles for PET imaging

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - Accumulation of triphenylphosphonium (TPP) is normally observed in the mitochondria from the extracellular spaces due to the high difference in...