Ultrasound-assisted oxidative desulfurization of liquid fuels and its industrial application

Latest environmental regulations require a very deep desulfurization to meet the ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD, 15 ppm sulfur) specifications. Due to the disadvantages of hydrotreating technology on the slashing production conditions, costs and safety as well as environmental protection, the ultrasound-assisted oxidative desulfurization (UAOD) as an alternative technology has been developed. UAOD process selectively oxidizes sulfur in common thiophenes in diesel to sulfoxides and sulfones which can be removed via selective adsorption or extractant. SulphCo has successfully used a 5000 barrel/day mobile “Sonocracking” unit to duplicate on a commercial scale its proprietary process that applies ultrasonics at relatively low temperatures and pressures. The UAOD technology estimate capital costs less than half the cost of a new high-pressure hydrotreater. The physical and chemical mechanisms of UAOD process are illustrated, and the effective factors, such as ultrasonic frequency and power, oxidants, catalysts, phase-transfer agent, extractant and adsorbent, on reaction kinetics and product recovery are discussed in this review.     

冠醚配合物的研究XV.若干席夫碱及仲胺型双冠醚和碱金属离子的配位反应

本文运用微量电导滴定及计算机拟合技术，研究了若干席夫碱及仲胺型双冠醚和碱金属离子的配位反应，测定了配合物的组成及稳定常数，并对实验结果进行了讨论。     

抗-CCP和RF联合检测对RA的临床诊断价值探讨

目的分析抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体与类风湿因子联合检测对类风湿性关节炎的临床诊断效果。方法选2014年10月至2016年12月在广东省茂名市电白区中医院就诊的类风湿性关节炎患者100例(研究组),及同时期健康体检者100例(对照组)为研究对象,观察抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体与类风湿因子阳性检出率。结果研究组患者抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体与类风湿因子的阳性检出率均要高于对照组患者,两组数据之间进行比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体与类风湿因子联合检测的灵敏度、特异度较高,是作为鉴别类风湿性关节炎疾病的重要指标,值得临床推广及应用。     

Photocatalytic degradation of trichloroethylene over BiOCl under UV irradiation

In this study, BiOCl samples were synthesized under different pH values and characterized by XRD, SEM, UV‐vis DRS, BET, photoelectrochemical measurement and PL. The photocatalytic performances of the as‐prepared samples were evaluated through the decomposition of trichloroethylene (TCE) under UV irradiation. The influences of several parameters such as solution pH and common inorganic anions on TCE removal were investigated. Results indicated that BiOCl‐0.6 exhibited better photocatalytic performance than BiOCl‐6.0 because of its higher migration ability of photo‐induced carrier. The photocatalytic degradation of TCE over BiOCl‐0.6 followed pseudo first‐order kinetics and appeared to be more efficient in acidic solution than in alkaline. TCE was almost completely dechlorinated in 120 minutes. The inhibiting effect of naturally occurring anions was in the order of HCO₃^‐ >SO₄^2‐ >NO₃^‐, while Cl^‐ exhibited a dual effect. Moreover, BiOCl‐0.6 exhibited superior reusability after three cycles of repetition tests.     

Nuclear stopping from 0.09A to 1.93A GeV and its correlation to flow

We present a complete systematics (excitation functions and system-size dependences) of global stopping and side flow for heavy ion reactions in the energy range between 0.09A and 1.93A GeV. For the heaviest system, Au+Au, we observe a plateau of maximal stopping extending from about 0.2A to 0.8A GeV with a fast drop on both sides. The degree of stopping, which is shown to remain significantly below the expectations of a full stopping scenario, is found to be highly correlated to the amount of side flow.     

Mechanism for spiral wave breakup in excitable and oscillatory media

We study spiral wave breakup using a Fitzhugh-Nagumo-type system. We find that spiral wave breakup can occur near the core or far from it in both excitable and oscillatory regimes. There is a faraway breakup scenario in both excitable and oscillatory media that depends on long wavelength modulation modes. We observed three distinct scenarios, including one that involves breakup that does not develop into turbulence. However, we find that the mechanisms behind these three scenarios are the same: they are caused by the interaction between the dispersion relation and the asymptotic behavior of the modulation mode. The difference in phenomenology is due to the asymptotic behavior of the modulation mode.     

In situ electron microscopy study of the thermal motion of liquid lead nanoparticles in thin aluminum foils

The kinetics of thermal motion of liquid lead nanoparticles in thin aluminum foils has been investigated in situ by transmission electron microscopy. Dependences of the diffusion coefficient of particles on temperature and particle size have been obtained. The results of the investigations can be interpreted on the assumption that the mobility of particles is controlled by the nucleation of steps on {111} faces of their surface.     

Silver on copper phthalocyanine: Abrupt and inert interfaces

The chemistry and electronic structure evolution were studied upon the formation of the interfaces between copper phthalocyanine and Ag and Sn deposited on it in ultra high vacuum conditions. The measurements were performed by means of high-resolution photoemission spectroscopy of core-levels and the valence band, and using synchrotron-radiation facilities. The investigations demonstrate the formation of chemically inert and abrupt interfaces.     

Synthesis and properties of tadpole-shaped gold nanoparticles

In this communication, gold nanoparticles with a tadpole shape were synthesized by a simple aqueous-phase chemical method. The unusual three-dimensional and crystallized structures were demonstrated by TEM, AFM, and HRTEM methods. The SEM and UV-visible absorption measurements and electrophoresis experiments revealed that the tadpoles had novel optical and electrical properties. These attractive structures and properties are expected to find uses in many fields such as electrics, optics, electrochemistry, and biological sensing.