Efficient New Synthesis of N‐Arylbenzo[b]furo[3,2‐d]pyrimidin‐4‐amines and Their Benzo[b]thieno[3,2‐d]pyrimidin‐4‐amine Analogues via a Microwave‐Assisted Dimroth Rearrangement

A useful and rapid access to libraries of N‐arylbenzo[b]furo[3,2‐d]pyrimidin‐4‐amines ( 1 ) and their novel benzo[b]thieno[3,2‐d]pyrimidin‐4‐amine analogues ( 2 ) was investigated for the first time. Title compounds were obtained via microwave‐accelerated condensation and Dimroth rearrangement of suitable anilines with N′‐(2‐cyanaryl)‐N,N‐dimethylformimidamides obtained by reaction of benzo[b]furane and benzo[b]thiophene precursors with N,N‐dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal. This work also demonstrates that well‐controlled parameters offer comfortable use of microwave technology and are both safe and beneficial to the environment. Some products obtained in this article exhibit interesting in vitro antiproliferative effects.     

Formation and decay kinetics of optically pumped LiMg excimers

A mixture of Li and Mg vapors at 900°C was optically pumped at 488 nm by an Ar⁺ ion laser. The resulting Li₂ fluorescence and LiMg* excimer chemiluminescence intensities were analyzed to determine rate constants for the reactions Li₂(B¹π) + Mg → LiMg* + Li and LiMg* + Li → Li₂(a³π) + Mg and the radiative decay rates of Li₂(B¹π) and LiMg*.     

CW chemical laser gain at 10.6 microns

Laser amplification by stimulated emission in the 001-100 vibrational-rotational band of CO₂ has been continuously excited by transfer from the products of the oxidation of alkaline earth metal vapors in N₂O. The sensitive detection of gain transverse to a 1 cm diameter flame was accomplished by intracavity measurements in a conventional CO₂-EDL with the aid of two frequency modulation and synchronous detection.     

On the Vortex Dynamic of Airflow Reattachment Forced by a Single Non-thermal Plasma Discharge Actuator

Commercial and military aircrafts or miniature aerial vehicles can suffer from massive flow separation when high angles of attack are required. Single dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) actuators have demonstrated their capability of controlling such a separated flow at low external velocity. However, the processes resulting in the improvement of the flight performances remain unclear. In the present study, the reattachment process along the suction side of a NACA 0015 placed at an angle of attack of 16° is experimentally investigated for an external velocity of 20 m/s (Re = 260,000). A single DBD actuator is mounted at the leading edge of the model. The velocity fields above the suction side of the airfoil are measured by a high-speed acquisition system (3 kHz). The results indicate that the baseline flow presents shed vortices that form at the leading edge and linearly grow along the free shear layer axis. This vortex shedding is organized and exhibits a specific frequency of about 90 Hz. The continuous actuation produces a partial flow reattachment up to 70% of the chord length. Temporal cross-correlation function indicates the presence of a vortex shedding at the trailing edge of the controlled flow. Finally, the temporal analysis demonstrates that the reattachment process requires 50 ms to reach a stabilized attached flow. The time-resolved analysis of the reattachment suggests that the actuation by plasma discharge acts as a catalyser by reinforcing one of the coherent flow structures already existing in the natural flow.     

Control of diffuser jet flow: turbulent kinetic energy and jet spreading enhancements assisted by a non-thermal plasma discharge

An axisymmetric air jet exhausting from a 22-degree-angle diffuser is investigated experimentally by particle image velocimetry (PIV) and stereo-PIV measurements. Two opposite dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) actuators are placed along the lips of the diffuser in order to force the mixing by a co-flow actuation. The electrohydrodynamic forces generated by both actuators modify and excite the turbulent shear layer at the diffuser jet exit. Primary air jet velocities from 10 to 40 m/s are studied (Reynolds numbers ranging from 3.2 to 12.8 × 10⁴), and baseline and forced flows are compared by analysing streamwise and cross-stream PIV fields. The mixing enhancement in the near field region is characterized by the potential core length, the centreline turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), the integrated value of the TKE over various slices along the jet, the turbulent Reynolds stresses and the vorticity fields. The time-averaged fields demonstrate that an effective increase in mixing is achieved by a forced flow reattachment along the wall of the diffuser at 10 m/s, whereas mixing enhancement is realized by excitation of the coherent structures for a primary velocity of 20 and 30 m/s. The actuation introduces two pairs of contra-rotating vortices above each actuator. These structures entrain the higher speed core fluid toward the ambient air. Unsteady actuations over Strouhal numbers ranging from 0.08 to 1 are also studied. The results suggest that the excitation at a Strouhal number around 0.3 is more effective to enhance the turbulence kinetic energy in the near-field region for primary jet velocity up to 30 m/s.