中药炮制机理研究的思路与方法——以咖啡豆的烘焙原理研究为例

中药炮制是中药学的特色和优势,也是最具我国自主知识产权的学科之一.中药炮制研究的核心是阐明中药炮制机理,这也是制约中药现代化的关键节点.目前大部分中药的炮制机理尚不明确,有待进行系统深入的研究.咖啡豆需要烘培后才可以制成饮料,这个高温烘培过程类似于中药的炮制过程.近年来,国内外专家对咖啡豆高温烘培过程化学成分变化及其机理进行了深入研究,各种新方法和新技术得到广泛应用,取得了系列研究成果,这些研究成果为中药炮制机理研究提供了多种新思路和新方法,也为中药炮制机理的研究和阐明提供了重要示范.     

Mechanical and electrochemical properties of platinum coating by double glow plasma on titanium alloy substrate

In this paper, a platinum coating was deposited on titanium alloy substrate by a double glow plasma. Phase and microstructure of platinum coating were examined by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The microhardness of the coating was estimated by nanoindentation instrument. The adhesive force between the coating and the substrate was performed with scratch tester. The electrochemical behavior of the platinum coating in 3.5 wt % sodium chloride solution was investigated by potentiodynamic polarization. The results indicated that an adherent platinum coating could be successfully obtained on titanium alloy substrates. Compared with the titanium alloy substrate, the platinum coating had a relative low corrosion current density and high corrosion potential. It indicated that the platinum coating had a better corrosion resistance than the titanium alloy substrate.     

Torreyanoxane,a New 3,4‐Secoglutinane Triterpenoid Isolated from the Pulp of Torreya nucifera

Torreyanoxane, a novel 3,4‐secoglutinane triterpenoid, was isolated from the pulp of Torreya nucifera. The structure was determined on the basis of spectroscopic methods.     

Efficient and Rapid Method for the Oxidation of Electron‐Rich Aromatic Aldehydes to Carboxylic Acids Using Improved Basic Hydrogen Peroxide

An efficient and rapid method for oxidation of electron‐rich aromatic aldehydes to their corresponding carboxylic acids in excellent yields was developed. It is based on the oxidation of methoxy‐substituted benzaldehydes in methanol with an improved aqueous basic hydrogen peroxide system. Benzaldehydes with electron‐withdrawing substituents are oxidized to the corresponding carboxylic acid in excellent yields under mild reaction conditions.     

新型磺酸盐型Gemini表面活性剂的合成及其与聚合物相互作用

以溴代正烷烃、乙二胺、1,3-丙磺内酯合成了一系列新型磺酸盐型Gemini表面活性剂(SGS-8、SGS-10、SGS-12、SGS-14);采用IR、1H NMR及元素分析等手段对合成产物进行结构表征,并研究了其表面活性,采用等温滴定微量热技术、表面张力法和稳态荧光光谱法研究了SGS-12与聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)的相互作用规律及热力学参数。结果表明,合成的产物纯度较高,具有较低的cmc值和较好的表面活性;SGS-12/PAM混合体系的表面张力曲线和芘探针在体系中微极性的变化表明,二者发生相互作用且形成混合胶束;SGS-12与PAM结合是一个由焓驱动的自发过程,△H和△S均小于0,表明相互作用力以氢键和范德华力为主,合成产物在聚丙烯酰胺分子上的平均结合数为287。     

Gadolinium(III)‐Hydroxy Ladders Trapped in Succinate Frameworks with Optimized Magnetocaloric Effect

Two kinds of inorganic gadolinium(III)‐hydroxy “ladders”, [2×n] and [3×n], were successfully trapped in succinate (suc) coordination polymers, [Gd₂(OH)₂(suc)₂(H₂O)]_n ? 2n H₂O ( 1 ) and [Gd₆(OH)₈(suc)₅(H₂O)₂]_n ? 4n H₂O ( 2 ), respectively. Such coordination polymers could be regarded as alternating inorganic–organic hybrid materials with relatively high density. Magnetic and heat capacity studies reveal a large cryogenic magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in both compounds, namely (ΔH=70 kG) 42.8 J kg^?1 K^?1 for complex 1 and 48.0 J kg^?1 K^?1 for complex 2 . The effect of the high density is evident, which gives very large volumetric MCEs up to 120 and 144 mJ cm^?3 K^?1 for complexes 1 and 2 , respectively.