全文获取类型
收费全文 | 391806篇 |
免费 | 4649篇 |
国内免费 | 1259篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 211923篇 |
晶体学 | 6332篇 |
力学 | 16717篇 |
综合类 | 9篇 |
数学 | 41503篇 |
物理学 | 121230篇 |
出版年
2020年 | 3105篇 |
2019年 | 3391篇 |
2018年 | 4145篇 |
2017年 | 3976篇 |
2016年 | 6367篇 |
2015年 | 4289篇 |
2014年 | 6454篇 |
2013年 | 17204篇 |
2012年 | 13200篇 |
2011年 | 16026篇 |
2010年 | 10809篇 |
2009年 | 10533篇 |
2008年 | 14398篇 |
2007年 | 14345篇 |
2006年 | 13767篇 |
2005年 | 12273篇 |
2004年 | 11327篇 |
2003年 | 10052篇 |
2002年 | 9772篇 |
2001年 | 11391篇 |
2000年 | 8869篇 |
1999年 | 6947篇 |
1998年 | 5469篇 |
1997年 | 5553篇 |
1996年 | 5344篇 |
1995年 | 4868篇 |
1994年 | 4660篇 |
1993年 | 4481篇 |
1992年 | 5180篇 |
1991年 | 5038篇 |
1990年 | 4935篇 |
1989年 | 4783篇 |
1988年 | 4745篇 |
1987年 | 4795篇 |
1986年 | 4397篇 |
1985年 | 5887篇 |
1984年 | 6076篇 |
1983年 | 5011篇 |
1982年 | 5339篇 |
1981年 | 5250篇 |
1980年 | 5049篇 |
1979年 | 5248篇 |
1978年 | 5558篇 |
1977年 | 5410篇 |
1976年 | 5393篇 |
1975年 | 5058篇 |
1974年 | 4965篇 |
1973年 | 5115篇 |
1972年 | 3374篇 |
1967年 | 3190篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
971.
A nanoscale
multivalent platinum drug based on a poly(amidoamine) [PAMAM] dendrimer (generation
4.5, carboxylate surface) has been synthesized and fully characterized using
a variety of spectroscopic, chromatographic and thermal methods. Treatment
of the dendrimer with an aqueous solution containing an excess diaquo(cis-1,2-diaminocyclohexane)platinum(II) produces
a conjugate containing approximately forty (diaminocyclohexane)platinum(II)
moieties at the surface of the dendrimer. This material undergoes smooth two-stage
thermal decomposition to provide residual platinum oxide reflecting the platinum
loading in the drug. 相似文献
972.
The single-phase diluted magnetic Fe-ion (5%) doped ZnO powders were prepared by solid-state reaction method. The powders were annealed in Ar or Ar/H2(5%) atmosphere at 1200 °C. The crystal structure, electric and magnetic properties for the Zn0.95Fe0.05O powders have been studied with X-ray diffraction (XRD) vibrating sample magnetometer, resistance and Hall measurement. All the peaks for the XRD pattern of samples belong to the hexagonal (P63mc) lattice of ZnO, and no indication of a secondary phase. The lattice parameters for the Zn0.95Fe0.05O with an annealing in Ar/H2(5%) atmosphere were a0=3.256 Å and c0=5.206 Å at room temperature. The hysteresis curve for the Zn0.95Fe0.05O at room temperature was enhanced ferromagnetic behaviour with an annealing in Ar/H2(5%) atmosphere. We give an explanation for enhanced ferromagnetic behaviour with H2 treatment by electric properties. 相似文献
973.
H. Kim R.C.Y. Auyeung M. Ollinger G.P. Kushto Z.H. Kafafi A. Piqué 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2006,83(1):73-76
Low-temperature laser sintering has been successfully demonstrated to improve the overall conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells. Mesoporous TiO2 electrodes were prepared from a colloidal solution of TiO2 nanopowders by a laser direct-write technique and then sintered by a quasi-continuous-wave UV laser (λ=355 nm) for the fabrication of dye-sensitized solar cells. The overall conversion efficiency of the cells based on the laser-sintered TiO2 electrodes was double that of the devices with non-laser-treated TiO2 electrodes. This enhancement is attributed to both the removal of organic additives and the improved inter-nanoparticle electrical contacts induced by the laser-sintering process, which led to an increase in porosity and dye-absorption sites in the TiO2 electrodes. PACS 61.80.Ba; 61.46.+w; 73.22.-f; 84.60.Jt 相似文献
974.
In this work, the optical and structural properties of high k materials such as tantalum oxide and titanium oxide were studied by spectroscopic ellipsometry, where a Tauc-Lorentz dispersion model based in one (amorphous films) or two oscillators (microcrystalline films) was used. The samples were deposited at room temperature by radio frequency magnetron sputtering and then annealed at temperatures from 100 to 500 °C. Concerning the tantalum oxide films, the increase of the annealing temperature, up to 500 °C does not change the amorphous nature of the films, increasing, however, their density. The same does not happen with the titanium oxide films that are microcrystalline, even when deposited at room temperature. Data concerning the use of a four-layer model based on one and two Tauc-Lorentz dispersions is also discussed, emphasizing its use for the detection of an amorphous incubation layer, normally present on microcrystalline films grown by sputtering. 相似文献
975.
High-frequency characteristics of CoFeVAlONb thin films were studied. A thin film of Co43.47Fe35.30V1.54Al5.55O9.93Nb4.21 is observed to exhibit excellent magnetic properties; magnetic coercivity of 1.24 Oe, uniaxial in-plane anisotropy field of 66.99 Oe, and saturation magnetization of 19.8 kG. The effective permeability of the film is as high as 1089 and is stable up to 1.8 GHz, and with ferromagnetic resonance over 3 GHz. This film also has very high electrical resistivity of about 628 μΩ cm. These superior properties make it ideal for high-frequency magnetic applications. 相似文献
976.
G. Hanna T. Glatzel S. Sadewasser N. Ott H.P. Strunk U. Rau J.H. Werner 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2006,82(1):1-7
The influence of different film textures on the electronic properties of polycrystalline Cu(In,Ga)Se2 absorbers is studied by measuring the laterally resolved optoelectronic properties of differently textured Cu(In,Ga)Se2 films with Kelvin probe force microscopy and cathodoluminescence. The grain boundaries in (112)- and (220/204)-textured films behave differently. The work-function profile measured with the Kelvin probe across a grain boundary in (112)-textured films shows a dip indicating positive charges at the grain boundaries. In panchromatic cathodoluminescence mappings in a transmission electron microscope, such grain boundaries appear dark, i.e. the strongly reduced luminescence indicates that the grain boundaries represent strong non-radiative recombination centers. In contrast, grain boundaries in (220/204)-textured films give rise to a dip or a step in the work function indicating slightly negative charge or neutrality. Cathodoluminescence is reduced at such grain boundaries, but less dramatically than in the (112)-textured case. However, when Na is present in the (220/204)-textured films, the grain boundaries are almost invisible in cathodoluminescence mappings. This strong passivating action of Na occurs only in the (220/204)-textured films, due to a particular grain-boundary population. In (112)-textured films and films without pronounced texture, this passivation effect is much less noticeable. PACS 73.50.Gr; 73.61.Ga; 78.60.Hk; 87.64.Dt 相似文献
977.
978.
Yu. D. Perfiliev V. S. Rusakov L. A. Kulikov A. A. Kamnev K. Alkhatib 《Hyperfine Interactions》2006,167(1-3):881-885
To explain line broadening in emission Mössbauer spectra as compared to the corresponding absorber measurements, the model of trapped electrons has been proposed. Auger electrons (emitted, e.g. after electron capture by 57Co or after the converted isomeric transition of 119mSn), as well as secondary electrons, may be trapped in the proximity to the nucleogenic ion. Electrons captured by lattice traps at different distances from the daughter ion induce an asymmetric distribution of quadrupole splitting in the resulting emission spectra, as shown in a few examples. This model is supported by estimates of quadrupole splitting values which may be caused by such trapped electrons located at specified distances from the nucleogenic atom. 相似文献
979.
Rare earths exhibit complex magnetic phase diagrams resulting from the competition between various contributions to the magnetic
energy: exchange, anisotropy and magnetostriction. The epitaxy of a rare-earth film on a substrate induces (i) a clamping
to the substrate and (ii) pseudomorphic strains. Both these effects are shown to lead to modifications of the magnetic properties
in (0 0 1)Dy, (0 0 1)Tb and (1 1 0)Eu films. In Dy and Tb films, spectacular variations of the Curie temperature have been
evidenced. Additionally, Tb films exhibit a new large wavelength magnetic modulation. In Eu films, one of the helical magnetic
domains disappears at low temperature whereas the propagation vectors of the other helices are tilted. The link between structural
and magnetic properties is underlined via magnetoelastic models. Moreover, molecular beam epitaxy permits the growth of Sm
in a metastable dhcp phase. The magnetic structure of dhcp Sm has been elucidated for the first time. In this review, neutron
scattering is shown to be a powerful technique to reveal the magnetic structures of rare-earth films. 相似文献
980.
Transition from chaotic to ordered state has been observed during the initial stage of a discharge in a cylindrical DC glow
discharge plasma. Initially it shows a chaotic behavior but increasing the discharge voltage changes the characteristics of
the discharge glow and shows a period subtraction of order 7 period → 5 period → 3 period → 1 period, i.e. the system goes
to single mode through odd cycle subtraction. On further increasing the discharge voltage, the system goes through period
doubling, like 1 period → 2 period → 4 period. On further increasing the voltage, the system goes to stable state through
two period subtraction, like 4 period → 2 period → stable. 相似文献