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71.
J. Steven Morris Vickie L. Spate Stacy B. Crane Alejandra Gudino 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2012,291(2):409-414
Scalp hair is routinely used to assess exposure to toxic trace elements and nutritional status of some required trace elements.
The advantages and disadvantages of hair as a biologic monitor have been comprehensively discussed in the literature for many
years. Among the concerns is distinguishing between exogenous and endogenous contributions. Nested in this issue is the longitudinal
distribution of a trace element along the hair strand. The typical observation for many elements of interest is that the element
concentration increases from the root end to the distal end; and this is attributed to continuing contamination from exogenous
sources. In this study we used neutron activation analysis to measure 14 trace elements in 6 mm segments of full-length scalp
hair from three healthy members of the same household having light-urban environmental exposure. To extend the data set for
selenium, we included three adult female subjects with longer than average scalp hair. From these trace-element concentrations
we calculated the root-to-distal end ratios as a profile diagnostic of trace-element distributions. Ratios fall into three
diagnostic categories, >1, ≈1, and <1 corresponding to profiles having decreasing root-to-distal concentrations, unchanging
concentrations, and increasing concentrations, respectively. Of the 14 elements measured, only Se has R > 1, Zn and S have R ≈ 1, and the remaining 11 elements all have R < 1 in the order: As > I > Hg ≈ Au ≈ Mg ≈ Mn ≈ Sb ≈ Ca > Cu > Al ≈ Ag. R
Se is greater than 1 and increases with hair length (P = 0.02) corresponding to a continuous longitudinal loss of Se in stark and puzzling contrast to the other elements measured.
An analogous loss of Se in the nail monitor was not observed leading us to conclude that the nail is less prone to misclassification
of selenium status in epidemiological studies. 相似文献
72.
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75.
光活性[1]1-联萘酚(BINOL)的不对称合成 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
由于 1 ,1 -联萘酚 ( BINOL)可作为手性配体或手性催化剂的前体 ,在不对称合成反应中具有广泛的应用 [1,2 ] ,所以如何得到光学纯的 BINOL的研究吸引了许多化学家的注意 .制备光学活性的 BINOL的方法较多 ,但一般效果较好的是用拆分的方法[3,4] .通过 2 -萘酚不对称氧化偶联直接得到 BINOL的方法也有许多报道 [5 ,6 ] ,但结果都不理想 .近来 ,Kocovsky等 [7]用鹰爪金碱作为手性诱导试剂 ,在Cu Cl2 存在下 ,2 -萘酚偶联得 BINOL,其 ee值为 1 0 0 % ,但产率只有 1 4% ,且由于鹰爪金碱价格昂贵 ,限制了该法的应用 .在此基础上 ,我… 相似文献
76.
Water pollution assessment problems arise frequently in environmental science. In this research, the finite element method for solving the one-dimensional steady convection-diffusion equation with constant coefficients is presented; it is then used to optimize water treatment costs. (© 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
77.
锆镁磷脂膜色谱固定相的制备及其在评价药物-膜相互作用中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
基于锆基质与磷脂之间强烈的路易斯酸碱作用,制备了锆镁磷脂膜色谱固定相,并使用红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱对该色谱固定相进行了表征;使用与体内环境类似的生理缓冲液体系为流动相,评价了该模拟生物膜色谱固定相预测药物膜渗透性的能力,结果表明药物在锆镁磷脂膜色谱中的保留(log Kmbm)与表观渗透率(log Papp)在预测药物的膜渗透性、跨膜吸收等方面具有非常好的相关性,相关系数为0.970,斜率接近1。通过理论推导,引入了直观、方便的热力学指标吉布斯自由能差值(Δ(ΔG°))对药物-膜之间的相互作用强弱进行了评价。 相似文献
78.
脱叔丁基杯[8]芳烃键合固定相的制备及其液相色谱性能 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
杯芳烃(Cahixarenes)是一类由苯酚单元经亚甲基相连而成的大环化合物,与β-环糊精类似,它能与多种溶质形成主客体包容配合物,并通过超分子作用识别离子和中性分子等客体,利用杯芳烃的分子识别作用可提高色谱分离性能,Glennon等制备了酯化杯[4,6]芳烃键合固定相, 相似文献
79.
80.
Beatriz Veleirinho Manuel F. Rei J. A. Lopes‐DA‐Silva 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2008,46(5):460-471
This study describes the preparation and characterization of nanofibrous mats obtained by electrospinning poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) solutions in trifluoroacetic acid/dichloromethane (TFA/DCM). Special attention was paid to the effect of polymer concentration and solvent properties on the morphology, structure, and mechanical and thermal properties of the electrospun nonwovens. The results show that the spinnable concentration of PET solution in TFA/DCM solvents is above 10 wt %. Mats have nanofibrous morphology with fibers having an average diameter in the range of 200–700 nm (depending on polymer concentration and solvent composition) and an interconnected pore structure. Higher solution concentration favors the formation of uniform fibers without beads and with higher diameter. Morphology and fiber assembly changed with the solvent properties. Solvent mixtures rich in TFA, i.e., those with higher dielectric constant and lower surface tension, originated fibers with small diameter. However, due to the lower volatility, those solvent mixtures also produced more branched and crosslinking fibers, with less morphologic uniformity. Mechanical properties (Young's modulus, ultimate strength, and elongation at break) and thermal properties (glass transition, crystallization, and melting) have been studied for the PET electrospun nanomats and compared with those of the original polymer. Solvent effect on fiber crystallinity was not significant, but a complex effect was observed on the mechanical properties of the electrospun mats, as a consequence of the different structural organization of the fibers within the mat network. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 460–471, 2008 相似文献