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21.
M. D. Thompson J. S. Bradshaw S. F. Nielsen C. T. Bishop F. T. Cox P. E. Fore G. E. Maas R. M. Izatt J. J. Christensen 《Tetrahedron》1977,33(24):3313-3316
A series of macrocyclic ether-esters has been prepared by treating various glycols with adipoyl chloride and various substituted malonyl, succinyl and glutaryl chlorides. The prepared compounds include: 15-ethyl- and 15-phenyl-1,4,7,10,13-pentaoxacyclohexadecane-14,16-dione (5 and 6); 15-methyl-, 15-phenyl-, cis-cyclohexo-[o]-and benzo-[o]-1,4,7,10,13-pentaoxacycloheptadecane-14,17-dione (7–10); trans,trans-1,4,7,10,13,18,21,24,27,30-de-caoxacyclotetratriacontane-15, 32-diene-14,17,31,34-tetraone (11); 1,4,7,10,13-pentaoxacyclooctadecane-14,18-dione (12); 15,15,16,16,17,17-hexafluoro- and 16-methyl-1,4,7,10,13-pentaoxacyclooctadecane-14,18-dione (13 and 14); 1,4,7,10-tetraoxacyclohexadecane-11,16-dione (15); and 1,4,7,10,13-pentaoxacyclononadecane-14,19-dione (16). 相似文献
22.
Garner P Anderson JT Cox PB Klippenstein SJ Leslie R Scardovi N 《The Journal of organic chemistry》2002,67(17):6195-6209
The development of an effective chiral auxiliary for hydroxyalkyl radicals is delineated. Both the 2-tetrahydropyranyl (THP) and tri-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl (GLU) auxiliaries resulted in diastereoselective radical additions to methyl acrylate at -78 degrees C (ds = 6/1 and 11/1, respectively). The developing stereochemistry at the radical center was completely under auxiliary control. Correlation experiments showed that the D-GLU auxiliary led to attack on the radical Si-face. The selectivity of these radical additions dropped-off considerably when the more reactive 2-nitropropene trap was employed. Computational studies suggested that the observed facial selectivity was due primarily to entropic factors in the transition state but that a smaller temperature-dependent enthalpic contribution was also involved. It was hypothesized that incorporation of a quaternary center at C-6 (THP numbering) would restore the facial selectivity with more reactive radical traps by restricting the orientations available to the incoming alkene. In the event, the trans-6-tert-butyltetrahydropyranyl (tBu-THP) auxiliary resulted in very good diastereoselection with 2-nitropropene (ds = 35/1 at -78 degrees C, 15/1 at 0 degrees C, and 8/1 at RT) as did the tri-O-benzyl-6,6-dimethyl-2-alpha-D-deoxyglucopyranosyl (diMe-GLU) auxiliary during additions to ethyl alpha-trifluoroacetoxyacrylate (ds = 10/1 at 0 degrees C). A protocol for recovery of the sugar-derived chiral auxiliaries was also established. This work sets the stage for the development of a novel approach to 1, 3, 5.(2n + 1) polyols based on iterative radical homologation as well as the application of these pyranosidic auxiliaries to other synthetically important reactions. 相似文献
23.
The diffusion coefficient of oxygen in poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) has been explicitly measured using an optical technique based on fluorescence quenching. This measurement represents the first explicit determination of D in PHEMA. A diffusion coefficient of oxygen in PHEMA of 1.36 × 10?7 cm2/s at 20°C was obtained from this measurement. This value is shown to agree well with permeability data for PHEMA, the free volume theory of diffusion, and with values of D that have been explicitly measured in other methacrylate hydrogels. 相似文献
24.
The infrared and Raman spectra of gaseous and solid (CH3)3 GeNCO and solid (CH3)3GeNCS have been recorded over the frequency range 20–4000 cm?1 . The Raman spectra of the liquids have also been recorded. Assignments of the normal modes have been made on the bases of band types, Raman depolarization values, and characteristic frequencies. Spectral data indicate that (CH3)3 GeNCO is non-linear in all phases and that (CH3)3GeNCS has a linear or quasi-linear heavy atom skeleton in the fluid phases. 相似文献
25.
The stereochemistry of istanbulin-B has been defined by X-ray crystal-structure analysis. Rings A and B are transfused, with the Me groups at C(4) and C(5) cis. The α,β-unsaturated,γ -lactone ring is essentially planar. Crystals of istanbulin-B are orthorhombic, space group P2121,21, with a = 6.729(2), b = 13.447(3), c = 14.721(3)Â,and Z = 4. The crystal structure was determined by direct phasing and the atomic parameters were subsequently adjusted by least-squares calculations that converged at R 38% over 1179 diffractometer |Fa| values 相似文献
26.
Philip J. Cox Olga A. Melvin Simon J. Garden James L. Wardell 《Journal of chemical crystallography》1995,25(8):469-475
The title organotin carbohydrate, C31H36O6Sn, has been synthesized and its molecular structure has been determined in solution and in the solid state. NMR, infrared, mass and X-ray crystallographic techniques were used. The chiral molecules crystallize in the monoclinic space group P21 withZ=2. The triphenyltin and carbohydrate moieties are linked by a trans methylene-oxygen-methylene arrangement. The pyranosyl ring adopts a twist-boat conformation and the isopropylidene rings adopt different (half-chair and envelope) forms. Solution and solid-state conformations are similar as only three 13C shift values are greater than 2ppm; the 119Sn value is 12 ppm. 相似文献
27.
28.
Uphill transport of L-Dopa and phenylalanine (Phe) across cation-exchange membranes into micelle-containing receiver solutions is reported. With L-Dopa as the analyte in a sample solution at a pH where it is it a zwitterion, preconcentration by a factor of 3.2 +/- 0.2 (n = 5) is observed when 0.10M sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is the receiver. When the SDS concentration is varied, preconcentration of L-Dopa is not observed until the critical micelle concentration is reached. Similar results were obtained with Phe as the analyte under conditions where it is protonated in both the sample and receiver. The transport is demonstrated to obey the assumptions required to quantify the results by the fixed-time kinetic method. That is, the amount of Phe transferred from a 200-ml sample across a 10-cm(2) membrane into a 5-ml receiver was directly proportional both to the dialysis time for up to 90-min and to the initial concentration of Phe in the sample when a 60-min dialysis time was used. The latter yielded a constant enrichment factor, 4.8 +/- 0.2 (n = 6), when the sample concentration of Phe was in the range 0.61 mM-6.0 muM. Means to increase the enrichments to practical values are discussed. 相似文献
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