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271.
R S Cowan J I Alcantara P J Blamey G M Clark 《The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America》1988,83(6):2328-2338
Speech discrimination testing, using both open- and closed-set materials, was carried out with four severely to profoundly hearing impaired adults and seven normally hearing subjects to assess performance of a wearable eight-channel electrotactile aid (Tickle Talker). Significant increases in speechtracking rates were noted for all subjects when using the electrotactile aid. After 70 h of training, mean tracking rate in the tactile plus lipreading condition was 55 words per minute (wpm), as compared with 36 wpm for lipreading alone, for the normally hearing group. For the hearing impaired group, the mean tracking rate in the aided condition was 37 wpm, as compared with 24 wpm for lipreading alone, following 35 h of training. Performance scores on Central Institute for the Deaf (CID) everyday sentences, Consonant Nucleus Consonant (CNC) words, and closed-set vowel and consonant identification were significantly improved when using the electrotactile aid. Performance scores, using the aid without lipreading, were well above chance on consonant and vowel identification and on elements of the Minimal Auditory Capabilities Battery. Two hearing impaired subjects have used the device satisfactorily in the home environment. 相似文献
272.
T. E. Cowan B. R. Beck J. H. Hartley R. H. Howell R. R. Rohatgi J. Fajans R. Gopalan 《Hyperfine Interactions》1993,76(1):135-142
The development of a high density cryogenic pure positron plasma trap at the LLNL positron beam facility opens new possibilities
for antihydrogen research. We discuss a planned measurement of the three-body collisional recombination rate in magnetized
plasmas, a possible antihydrogen atomic beam experiment, and other applications of pure positron plasmas. 相似文献
273.
The spectral dependence of the far-infrared photoconductivity of TTF-TCNQ at low temperatures shows an interband transition with an edge at approximately 22 meV. We associate this gap with the d.c. conductivity maximum near 70 K, and suggest that at least two distinct mean-field transition temperatures are important for the observed electrical and magnetic properties of the material. 相似文献
274.
Cowan TE Hunt AW Phillips TW Wilks SC Perry MD Brown C Fountain W Hatchett S Johnson J Key MH Parnell T Pennington DM Snavely RA Takahashi Y 《Physical review letters》2000,84(5):903-906
A new regime of laser-matter interactions in which the quiver motion of plasma electrons is fully relativistic, with energies extending well above the threshold for nuclear processes, is studied using a petawatt laser system. In solid target experiments with focused intensities exceeding 10(20) W/cm(2), high energy electron generation, hard bremsstrahlung, and nuclear phenomena have been observed. We report here a quantitative comparison of the high energy electrons and the bremsstrahlung spectrum, as measured by photonuclear reaction yields, including the photoinduced fission of 238U. 相似文献
275.
Katrina Campbell Paul Barnes Simon A. Haughey Cowan Higgins Kentaro Kawatsu Vitor Vasconcelos Christopher T. Elliott 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2013,405(24):7753-7763
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent neurotoxin emerging in European waters due to increasing ocean temperatures. Its detection in seafood is currently performed as a consequence of using the Association of Analytical Communities (AOAC) mouse bioassay (MBA) for paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins, but TTX is not monitored routinely in Europe. Due to ethical and performance-related issues associated with this bioassay, the European Commission has recently published directives extending procedures that may be used for official PSP control. An AOAC-accredited high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method has now been accepted by the European Union as a first action screening method for PSP toxins to replace the MBA. However, this AOAC HPLC method is not capable of detecting TTX, so this potent toxin would be undetected; thereby, a separate method of analysis is required. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) optical biosensor technology has been proven as a potential alternative screening method to detect PSP toxins in seafood. The addition of a similar SPR inhibition assay for TTX would complement the PSP assay in removing the MBA. The present report describes the development and single laboratory validation in accordance with AOAC and IUPAC guidelines of an SPR method to be used as a rapid screening tool to detect TTX in the sea snail Charonia lampas lampas, a species which has been implicated in 2008 in the first case of human TTX poisoning in Europe. As no current regulatory limits are set for TTX in Europe, single laboratory validation was undertaken using those for PSP toxins at 800 μg/kg. The decision limit (CCα) was 100 μg/kg, with the detection capability (CCβ) found to be ≤200 μg/kg. Repeatability and reproducibility were assessed at 200, 400, and 800 μg/kg and showed relative standard deviations of 8.3, 3.8, and 5.4 % and 7.8, 8.3, and 3.7 % for both parameters at each level, respectively. At these three respective levels, the recovery of the assay was 112, 98, and 99 %. 相似文献
276.
Regularity of semi-stable solutions to fourth order nonlinear eigenvalue problems on general domains
Craig Cowan Nassif Ghoussoub 《Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential Equations》2014,49(1-2):291-305
We examine the fourth order problem $\Delta ^2 u = \lambda f(u) $ in $ \Omega $ with $ \Delta u = u =0 $ on $ {\partial \Omega }$ , where $ \lambda > 0$ is a parameter, $ \Omega $ is a bounded domain in $\mathbb{R }^N$ and where $f$ is one of the following nonlinearities: $ f(u)=e^u$ , $ f(u)=(1+u)^p $ or $ f(u)= \frac{1}{(1-u)^p}$ where $ p>1$ . We show the extremal solution is smooth, provided $$\begin{aligned} N < 2 + 4 \sqrt{2} + 4 \sqrt{ 2 - \sqrt{2}} \approx 10.718 \text{ when} f(u)=e^u, \end{aligned}$$ and $$\begin{aligned} N < \frac{4p}{p-1} + \frac{4(p+1)}{p-1} \left( \sqrt{ \frac{2p}{p+1}} + \sqrt{ \frac{2p}{p+1} - \sqrt{ \frac{2p}{p+1}}} - \frac{1}{2} \right) \end{aligned}$$ when $ f(u)=(u+1)^p$ . New results are also obtained in the case where $ f(u)=(1-u)^{-p}$ . These are substantial improvements to various results on critical dimensions obtained recently by various authors. To do that, we derive a new stability inequality satisfied by minimal solutions of the above equation, which is more amenable to estimates as it allows a method of proof reminiscent of the second order case. 相似文献
277.
Hintikka L Kuuranne T Leinonen A Thevis M Schänzer W Halket J Cowan D Grosse J Hemmersbach P Nielen MW Kostiainen R 《Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS》2008,43(7):965-973
Liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) method for simultaneous and direct detection of 12 glucuronide-conjugated anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) metabolites in human urine is described. The compounds selected were the main metabolites detected in human urine after dosing of the most widely abused AAS in sports, e.g. methandienone, methenolone, methyltestosterone, nandrolone and testosterone, and certain deuterium-labeled analogs of these metabolites. Sample preparation and the LC-ESI-MS/MS method were optimized, validated, and the overall process was implemented and the results between seven laboratories were compared. All the metabolites were extracted simultaneously by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and analyzed by LC-ESI-MS/MS with positive ionization mode and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Recovery of the SPE for the AAS glucuronides was 89-100% and ten out of twelve compounds had detection limits in the range of 1-10 ng/ml in urine. The results for inter/intraday repeatability were satisfactory and the interlaboratory comparison with authentic urine samples demonstrated the ease of method transfer from one instrument setup to another. When equivalent triple quadrupole analyzers were employed the overall performance was independent from instrument manufacturer, electrospray ionisation (ESI) or atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and liquid chromatohraphic (LC) column, whereas major differences were encountered when changing from one analyzer type to another, especially in the analysis of those AAS glucuronides ionized mainly as adducts. 相似文献
278.
Cowan MG Olguín J Narayanaswamy S Tallon JL Brooker S 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2012,134(6):2892-2894
Triply switchable [Co(II)(dpzca)(2)] shows an abrupt, reversible, and hysteretic spin crossover (T(1/2)↓ = 168 K, T(1/2)↑ = 179 K, and ΔT(1/2) = 11 K) between the high-spin (HS) and low-spin (LS) states of cobalt(II), both of which have been structurally characterized. The spin transition is also reversibly triggered by pressure changes. Moreover, in a third reversible switching mechanism for this complex, the magnetic properties can be switched between HS cobalt(II) and LS cobalt(III) by redox. 相似文献
279.
Ivanov VV Sotnikov VI Sarkisov GS Cowan TE Bland SN Jones B Coverdale CA Deeney C Laca PJ Astanovitskiy AL Haboub A 《Physical review letters》2006,97(12):125001
The dynamics of mass transport were observed in a wire array implosion with multiframe laser probing. Plasma bubbles arise at breaks in the wires. Interferometry shows that the leading edge of the bubbles brings material to the axis of the array. The speed of this material was measured to be > or =3 x 10(7) cm/s during the wire array implosion. A shock was observed during the collision of the bubbles with the precursor. The Faraday effect indicates current flowing in breaks on the wires. The current switches from the imploding mass to the on-axis plasma column at the beginning of the x-ray pulse. 相似文献