Inositols as chiral templates: 1,4-conjugate addition to tethered cinnamic esters

The 1,4-addition of thio nucleophiles to chiro-inositols containing a cinnamyl Michael acceptor proceeded with excellent diastereochemical induction and good yields. Cleavage of the inositol auxiliary provides beta-thio hydrocinnamic acids in >99% ee's.     

Sample size effects on the spin resonance of conduction electrons in silver

The CESR linewidths of evaporated films of silver, deposited on quartz substrates, have been measured at 9.27 GHz. An increase in low temperature linewidth with decrease in thickness over the range 1.1 μm to 0.5 μm is observed. Below 13 K, ?, the probability of an electron losing its spin memory on colliding with the surface, is found to be about 4.10^-4.     

Analysis of bit error rate and power penalty for a birefringent wavelength division multiplexer

The power penalty and bit error rate degradation encountered when using wavelength division multiplexing devices is analyzed. Analysis is applied to the birefringent wavelength division multiplexer (BWDM) with a sinusoidal transfer function.¹ The degradation in bit error rate is attributed to laser mode partition noise and crosstalk noise.     

Noise performance in a wavelength-multiplexed system

An approach for analyzing the performance of wavelength-multiplexed fiber-optic communication systems is presented. Effects of mode partitioning and crosstalk on system bit error rate are evaluated. The effective optical passband, a figure of merit describing tolerance of the wavelength-multiplexed system to component variance, is introduced. The effective optical passband is shown to depend on the number and type of wavelength multiplexers in series as well as on the spectral position and width of the laser. Bit error rate measurements are presented to support the analysis.