Thermal properties of rare earth elements complexes with 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid

Summary Rare earth elements 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylates were prepared as solids of the general formula Ln(C₉H₃O₆)·nH₂O, where n=6 for La-Dy and n=4 for Ho-Lu,Y. Their solubilities in water at 293 K are of the order 10^-4-10^-6 mol dm^-3. The IR spectra of the complexes indicate that the carboxylate groups are bridging and bidentate chelates. Hydrated 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylates lose water molecules during heating in one step (La-Tb), two steps (Y, Ho-Tm) or three steps (Dy, Yb, Lu). The anhydrous complexes are stable up to 573-742 K and decompose to oxides (Ce-Lu) at higher temperatures.     

1,4-dioxane as a solvent in spectroscopy and photochemistry

Commercially available 1,4-dioxane, even of spectroscopic grade, contains various impurities that arise mostly from reaction of the solvent with oxygen. Aspects relevant to the spectroscopy and photochemistry of the dioxane/oxygen system are discussed. Methods of purification and storage of the solvent are presented.     

Generation and reactions of substituted phenide anions in an electrospray triple quadrupole mass spectrometer

Substituted benzoic acid anions undergo decarboxylation in the medium-pressure region of an electrospray ion source yielding in most cases the correspondingly substituted phenide anions in high yield. The location of the anionic center is specified by the position of the carboxylic group. The only exceptions are compounds with substituents containing acidic hydrogen atoms, like OH and NH(2) groups. For such compounds, either an intra- or an intermolecular (mediated by the molecules of methanol or water) proton transfer from the more acidic position to the benzene ring is observed. The generated anions can be selected using the first quadrupole for studying their ion-molecule chemistry in the second quadrupole of a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Their reactions with CO(2), O(2), CH(3)COCH(3) and CCl(4) may serve as typical examples. The general applicability of this method for the generation of phenide anions has been confirmed on three different mass spectrometers. Experiments performed using carboxylic acids other then benzoic acid and its derivatives show that this method is not limited to phenide anions and can be used for the generation of a much wider range of carbanions in the gas phase.     

Analytical control of silica glass production. Voltammetric determination of titanium and iron in raw materials and silica glass samples

Adsorptive stripping voltammetric (AdSV) methods are presented for the determination of titanium and iron in quartz and silica glass samples obtained after pressure decomposition. Mandelic acid and catechol were used as complexing agents for titanium and iron, respectively. The method for titanium determination is based on the catalytic effect of chlorate ions. An insoluble residue remaining after decomposition of quartz and silica glass samples in HF+H2SO4 mixture was checked by energy-dispersive X-ray analyses. ET-AAS was applied as a reference method to AdSV measurements.     

Structure-driven design and synthesis of chiral dioxocyclam derivatives

Based on an analysis of previously reported structures and a potential geometry fit with substrates, a new family of chiral dioxocyclam derivatives have been designed. The synthesis of those ligands was accomplished starting from l-proline and α-d-amino acids (converted to β-amino acids) with a key step of macrocyclization reaction of amino esters. All ligands were converted into neutral copper(II) complexes (amide groups underwent deprotonation of upon treatment of ligands with copper(II) acetate). The complexes exhibit the desired shape of their active surfaces, as proved by X-ray analysis.     

Synthesis of Open-Chain 2,3-Disubstituted 4-nitroketones by Diastereoselective Michael-addition of (E)-Enamines to (E)-Nitroolefins. A topological rule for C,C-bond forming processes between prochiral centres. Preliminary communication

The Michael-additions of aliphatic, alicyclic, and arylsubstituted nitroolefins and enamines lead to γ-nitroketones 3 in good chemical and excellent (> 90%) diastereomeric yields (see Table 1). The known threo-configuration of one type of adducts 3 (entries 8, 10, and 11 of Table 1) can be arrived at by assuming the approach 8 of the Michael-acceptor and -donor; the reaction follows a topological rule, which is formulated and which is applicable to such diverse reactions as the diene synthesis, cyclopropanations, carbonyl olefinations and methylenations, aldol- and nitroaldol-type additions, as well as additions of lithium, boron, and chromium derivatives to aldehydes (see 9 , 10 , 11 , and Table 2).     

Modified electrodes based on lipidic cubic phases

The lipidic cubic phase can be characterized as a curved bilayer forming a three-dimensional, crystallographical, well-ordered structure that is interwoven by aqueous channels. It provides a stable, well-organized environment in which diffusion of both water-soluble and lipid-soluble compounds can take place. Cubic phases based on monoacylglycerols form readily and attract our interest due to their ability to incorporate and stabilize proteins. Their lyotropic and thermotropic phase behaviour has been thoroughly investigated. At hydration over 20%, lipidic cubic phases Ia3d and Pn3m are formed. The latter is stable in the presence of excess water, which is important when the cubic phase is considered as an electrode-modifying material. Due to high viscosity, the cubic phases can be simply smeared over solid substrates such as electrodes and used to host enzymes and synthetic catalysts, leading to new types of catalytically active modified electrodes as shown for the determination of cholesterol, CO(2), or oxygen. The efficiency of transport of small hydrophilic molecules within the film can be determined by voltametry using two types of electrodes: a normal-size electrode working in the linear diffusion regime, and an ultramicroelectrode working under spherical diffusion conditions. This allows determining both the concentration and diffusion coefficient of the electrochemically active probe in the cubic phase. The monoolein-based cubic phase matrices are useful for immobilizing enzymes on the electrode surface (e.g., laccases from Trametes sp. and Rhus vernicifera were employed for monitoring dioxygen). The electronic contact between the electrode and the enzyme was maintained using suitable electroactive probes.     

Tetrabutylammonium bromide/thenoyltri-fluoroacetone/mibk extraction for aas determination of cobalt, nickel, and manganese in copper ores and concentrates

An extraction-AAS method of determination of Co, Ni, and Mn in metallurgical copper materials containing considerable amounts ofCu, Fe, Pb, Zn, and Al has been developed. Good selectivity of group separation of Co, Ni, and Mn has been achieved by (a) the use of tetrabutylammonium bromide to improve extractability of HTTA complexes by ion-pair formation, and (b) the masking of major elements with sodium thiosulphate and sulphosalicylic acid. The extracts are stable for at least 3 weeks.     

Properties and analytical application of chlorpromazine picrate

In neutral medium, picric acid (PA) reacts with chlorpromazine (CPM) hydrochloride with the formation of an orange compound, sparingly soluble in water, of molar ratio PA:CPM = 1:1. The compound is thermally stable up to a temperature of about 200 degrees C. The m.p. (178 degrees C) can be used for identification of picric acid as well as of chlorpromazine hydrochloride. Chlorpromazine picrate is extracted quantitatively with benzene, and the extract can be used for colorimetric determination of chlorpromazine hydrochloride. Beer's law is obeyed in the CPM concentration range 10-60 mug/ml.     

钴(Ⅱ)与5-(5-硝基-2-吡啶偶氮)-2,4-二氨基甲苯络合物吸附波及其应用

钴 (Ⅱ )在NH3·H2O -NH2OH·HCl-5_(5_硝基_2_吡啶偶氮)_2,4_二氨基甲苯体系中有一灵敏的极谱波 ,其峰电位Vp 为 -1.20V(vsSCE) ,钴质量浓度在0.25～25μg/L范围内与峰电流Ip′有良好的线性关系 ,检出限为0.12μg/L;经多种电化学方法证明该波为络合物吸附波 ,其电极过程为不可逆过程 ,电子转移数为2 ,此外还试验了多种离子对峰电流Ip′的影响;所拟方法已用于维生素B12 和模拟样中痕量钴的测定