Superfluidity and collective oscillations of trapped Bose-Einstein condensates in a periodical potential

Quadrature squeezed cylindrically polarized modes contain entanglement not only in the polarization and spatial electric field variables but also between these two degrees of freedom [C. Gabriel et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 060502 (2011)]. In this paper we present tools to generate and detect this entanglement. Experimentally we demonstrate the generation of quadrature squeezing in cylindrically polarized modes by mode transforming a squeezed Gaussian mode. Specifically, ?1.2 dB ± 0.1 dB of amplitude squeezing are achieved in the radially and azimuthally polarized mode. Furthermore, theoretically it is shown how the entanglement contained within these modes can be measured and how strong the quantum correlations are, depending on the measurement scheme.     

Comparative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Investigations of Healthy People and Patients with Ankle Arthritis

This study intended to evaluate the shape of the ankle joint cartilage and damage to the ankle joint cartilage by measuring changes in the T ₂ value of the cartilage of healthy people without ankle arthritis and of patients with ankle arthritis. At the same time, the study intended to assess the utility of the T ₂ map image. The multi-echo technique was used for 20 healthy individuals who had experienced no clinically diagnosable ankle arthritis in the past or in the present and 20 patients who were found to have ankle arthritis in order to obtain T ₂ spin echo images of knee joint cartilage. Based on the images obtained, we measured changes in signal intensity for each area of the ankle joint cartilage. Additionally, we divided the talotibial joint into medial position, middle position, and lateral position in order to calculate the mean values of T ₂ in 18 spots including the anterior part, middle part, and posterior part of the cartilage of the neck bone and ankle bone. Mean T ₂ values were measured in the healthy group and the ankle arthritis patient group. According to the measurement results, the mean T ₂ value of the ankle arthritis patient group was higher than that of the healthy group in the anterior part, middle part, and posterior part of the neck bone and ankle bone in the medial position of the talotibial joint. In the middle position of the talotibial joint, the mean T ₂ value of the ankle arthritis patient group was higher than that of the healthy people group in the anterior part, the middle part, and the posterior part of the neck bone and ankle bone. Also in the lateral position of the talotibial joint, the mean T ₂ value of the ankle arthritis patient group was also found to be higher than that of the healthy group in the anterior part, middle part, and posterior part of the neck bone and ankle bone.     

Effects of Li/Ti ratios on the electrochemical properties of Li4Ti5O12 examined by time-resolved X-ray diffraction

Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ for anodic active material of lithium ion batteries is synthesized using different Li/Ti ratios of 3.5/5.0, 4.0/5.0 and 4.5/5.0 by a solid-state reaction between Li₂CO₃ and anatase TiO₂ at 850?°C. All samples contain a small amount of transformed rutile TiO₂ in the final Li₄Ti₅O₁₂, where the amount of rutile TiO₂ decreases with the increase in Li/Ti ratio. A stoichiometric Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ with Li/Ti = 4.0/5.0 shows a slightly larger particle size and higher charge capacity than those of Li-deficient and Li-excessive particles, while the discharging rate capability is shown to mainly depend on particle size regardless of Li/Ti ratio. According to the time-resolved X-ray diffraction patterns using a synchrotron source, however, no significant difference is found in spite of the difference in Li/Ti ratio, indicating the structural stability of Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ during the Li insertion and extraction process.     

3‐Formylpyrroles from 3‐Furfurylamines by Bromine Oxidation Reaction

Oxidation of 3‐furfurylamines 3a‐e with bromine in acetone‐water solution gave N‐substituted 3‐formylpyrroles 4a‐e in good yields. A reaction mechanism via the Clauson‐Kaas reaction followed by the cis‐trans isomerization of the 2‐ene‐1,4‐diones 13 and 14 was proposed to account for the formation of the pyrroles 4a‐e .     

Determination of tannic acid after precipitation with bovine serum albumin by visible light scattering in a flow injection system

Tannic acid can form a precipitate with bovine serum albumin (BSA), and this was explored for its determination using a flow injection system along with detection via light scattering at 600 nm. The results on light scattering are confirmed using a particle sizing method. Scattering signals are negligible compared to the background generated by BSA in solutions with a pH of <4 or >8. Any precipitates on the wall of the flow cell pipeline were effectively removed by using a sodium dodecyl sulfate washing solution. The analytical range is from 70 to 250 µgmL^-1 of tannic acid. The results imply that increasing BSA concentrations will enhance sensitivity and analytical ranges. The system can be used in solutions of pH values between 5 and 7. The results correlated closely (r²?>?0.97) with those obtained by the ferrous tartrate method when analyzing a single tannic acid and two tea tannins.     

Purification, Molecular Cloning, and Biochemical Characterization of Subtilisin JB1 from a Newly Isolated Bacillus subtilis JB1

An extracellular gelatinolytic enzyme obtained from the newly isolated Bacillus subtilis JB1, a thermophilic microorganism relevant to the aerobic biodegradation process of fish-meal production, was purified via ammonium sulfate precipitation, Sephadex G-200 Gel filtration chromatography, and one-dimensional gel electrophoresis separation and subsequently identified via peptide mass fingerprinting and chemically assisted fragmentation matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The subtilisin JB1 gene was sequenced and its recombinant protein prosubtilisin JB1 was expressed in Escherichia coli, and the purified prosubtilisin JB1 (62 kDa) protein was digested with gelatin, bovine serum albumin, azocasein, fibrinogen, and the fluorogenic peptide substrate Ala-Ala-Phe-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin hydrochloride, whereas the serine protease inhibitors phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and chymostatin completely inhibited its enzyme activity at an optimal pH of 7.5. Thus, our results show that subtilisin JB1 may serve as a potential source material for use in industrial applications of proteolytic enzymes and microorganisms for fishery waste degradation and fish by-product processing.     

Validated quantification for selective cellular uptake of ginsenosides on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

The cellular behavior of ginsenosides on cancer cells has not been measured directly despite their potent anticancer activities and biological actions. A liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method was developed to measure the selective cellular uptake of ginsenosides in both cell lysates and culture media. Fifteen ginsenosides were separated within 17 min with good peak shapes using a 2-μm sub-particle size C18 column. Quantification was performed by triple-quadrupole MS with electrospray ionization in negative ion mode. The sample preparation containing the solid-phase extraction was linear (correlation coefficient, r ² > 0.992) for all analytes, while the limit of quantification ranged from 0.5 to 2.0 ng/mL in both matrices. The assay precision (%CV) and accuracy (%bias) at three different concentrations (5, 20, and 100 ng/mL) were 1.4% to 11.6% and 94.9% to 106.4%, respectively. When this method was used to examine the selective cellular uptake of ginsenosides, the relative non-polar and protopanaxadiol class ginsenosides, such as Rg3, Rk1, Rg5, Rh2, compound-K, and protopanaxadiol (PPD), showed cellular uptake in the MCF-7 cells, but the relative polar and protopanaxatriol class of ginsenosides did not accumulate in the cells. The most non-polar ginsenoside PPD, which is an aglycone of the protopanaxadiol type, resulted in the highest uptake rate. These results show that the different anticancer activities are due to the selective uptake of ginsenosides based on their chemical structures. This LC-MS-based method can be used to estimate the biological activity of ginsenosides on cells from their structural diversity.     

Highly active human-hair-supported noble metal (Ag or Ru) nanocomposites for rapid and selective reduction of p-nitrophenol to p-aminophenol

Research on Chemical Intermediates - Highly efficient nanocomposites (Ag/HHP and Ru/HHP) of Ag and Ru nanoparticles (NPs) supported on human hair powder (HHP) were prepared for reduction of...     

A quantum particle in a moving finite harmonic potential

In this paper a quantum particle trapped in a finite harmonic oscillator confined in the moving interval is investigated. With a help of a suitable unitary transform, the wave functions and time-dependent energy levels are obtained.