Multiplicity studies and effective energy in ALICE at the LHC

In this work we explore the possibility to perform “effective energy” studies in very high energy collisions at the CERN large hadron collider (LHC). In particular, we focus on the possibility to measure in pp collisions the average charged multiplicity as a function of the effective energy with the ALICE experiment, using its capability to measure the energy of the leading baryons with the zero degree calorimeters. Analyses of this kind have been done at lower centre-of-mass energies and have shown that, once the appropriate kinematic variables are chosen, particle production is characterized by universal properties: no matter the nature of the interacting particles, the final states have identical features. Assuming that this universality picture can be extended to ion–ion collisions, as suggested by recent results from RHIC experiments, a novel approach based on the scaling hypothesis for limiting fragmentation has been used to derive the expected charged event multiplicity in AA interactions at LHC. This leads to scenarios where the multiplicity is significantly lower compared to most of the predictions from the models currently used to describe high energy AA collisions. A mean charged multiplicity of about 1000–2000 per rapidity unit (at η∼0) is expected for the most central Pb–Pb collisions at . In memory of A. Smirnitskiy     

A high order energy preserving scheme for the strongly coupled nonlinear Schrōdinger system

A high order energy preserving scheme for a strongly coupled nonlinear Schrōdinger system is roposed by using the average vector field method. The high order energy preserving scheme is applied to simulate the soliton evolution of the strongly coupled Schrōdinger system. Numerical results show that the high order energy preserving scheme can well simulate the soliton evolution, moreover, it preserves the discrete energy of the strongly coupled nonlinear Schrōdinger system exactly.     

压制观瞄系统多光谱光轴平行性调校技术研究

鉴于压制观瞄系统光轴平行性是实现精确压制的一项指标,其特殊性在于保证回转机械轴、可见光轴、激光光轴的平行性,提出一种采用双光楔对压制观瞄系统光轴进行调校的方法, 通过转动双光楔,使光轴发生偏转,从而完成各光轴的平行。通过分析压制观瞄系统的结构,重点介绍了双光楔调校的原理与方法,并建立数学模型。采用Matlab对数学模型进行仿真,基于该调校原理搭建实验装置进行试验,试验结果表明,采用双光楔进行光轴调校方法可使三轴调校后的平行度误差不超过0.1 mrad。     

TDDFT study on the excited‐state hydrogen bonding of N‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐1,8‐naphthalimide and N‐(3‐hydroxyethyl)‐1,8‐naphthalimide in methanol solution

The time‐dependent density functional theory method was performed to investigate the excited‐state hydrogen‐bonding dynamics of N‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐1,8‐naphthalimide (2a) and N‐(3‐hydroxyethyl)‐1,8‐naphthalimide (3a) in methanol (meoh) solution. The ground and excited‐state geometry optimizations, electronic excitation energies, and corresponding oscillation strengths of the low‐lying electronically excited states for the complexes 2a + 2meoh and 3a + 2meoh as well as their monomers 2a and 3a were calculated by density functional theory and time‐dependent density functional theory methods, respectively. We demonstrated that the three intermolecular hydrogen bonds of 2a + 2meoh and 3a + 2meoh are strengthened after excitation to the S₁ state, and thus induce electronic spectral redshift. Moreover, the electronic excitation energies of the hydrogen‐bonded complexes in S₁ state are correspondingly decreased compared with those of their corresponding monomer 2a and 3a. In addition, the intramolecular charge transfer of the S₁ state for complexes 2a + 2meoh and 3a + 2meoh were theoretically investigated by analysis of molecular orbital. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

初始模型对含噪动态光散射数据正则化反演结果的影响

分别采用最小模型矩阵、最平坦模型矩阵、最光滑模型矩阵作为初始化模型,对加入5种不同水平随机噪声的90 nm窄单峰、90 nm宽单峰和250 nm窄单峰、250 nm宽单峰颗粒体系的模拟分布进行了正则化反演,并对反演结果进行比较。结果表明：当噪声水平为0时,正则化初始模型的选择对反演结果没有明显影响。随着噪声水平的增加,采用三种初始化模型反演得到的峰值误差和粒度分布误差都随之变大,但采用最平坦模型和最光滑模型反演得到的峰值和粒度分布误差明显小于采用最小初始模型的反演误差。当噪声水平大于0.01时,选择最平坦初始模型获得的粒度分布结果优于采用最光滑初始模型和最小初始模型获得的结果,而采用最光滑初始模型反演得到的峰值优于最平坦初始模型和最小初始模型的反演峰值。因此,采用正则化算法处理含噪动态光散射数据时,为得到最优的粒度分布信息,宜采用最平坦初始模型,若需要获取最准确的峰值信息,则应选择最光滑初始模型。     

气体开关抖动对单模块快脉冲直线型变压器驱动源输出特性的影响

分析了快脉冲直线型变压器驱动源(FLTD)气体开关触发击穿延时的分布规律,利用MAT-LAB软件生成随机序列模拟开关击穿延时和抖动,在FLTD简化二阶电路的基础上,利用MATLAB分析了开关抖动对40个支路并联1 MA,100 ns FLTD模块输出电流脉冲前沿和幅值的影响。模拟计算结果表明:开关理想时,即抖动为0,输出电流峰值为996 kA,峰值时间为90 ns,10%~90%脉冲前沿为54 ns;开关自身抖动与开关之间分散性之和为10 ns时,输出电流脉冲前沿增加约14%,电流峰值下降约2%;开关自身抖动与开关之间分散性之和为20 ns时,输出电流脉冲前沿增加约38%,电流峰值下降约5%。     

第一原理研究界面弛豫对InAs/GaSb超晶格界面结构、能带结构和光学性质的影响

通过广义梯度近似的第一原理全电子相对论计算, 研究了不同界面类型InAs/GaSb超晶格的界面结构、电子和光吸收特性. 由于四原子界面的复杂性和低对称性, 通过对InAs/GaSb超晶格进行电子总能量和应力最小化来确定弛豫界面的结构参数. 计算了InSb, GaAs型界面和非特殊界面(二者交替)超晶格的能带结构和光吸收谱, 考察了超晶格界面层原子发生弛豫的影响.为了证实能带结构的计算结果, 用局域密度近似和Hartree-Fock泛函的平面波方法进行了计算. 对不同界面类型InAs/GaSb超晶格的能带结构计算结果进行了比较, 发现界面Sb原子的化学键和离子性对InAs/GaSb超晶格的界面结构、 能带结构和光学特性起着至关重要的作用.     

梯形截面硅基水平多槽纳米线定向耦合器全矢量分析

定向耦合器是构成各类光子器件的基础元件. 本文采用一种基于电场分量的全矢量有限元法, 分析由梯形截面硅基水平多槽纳米线构成的定向耦合器. 给出了准TE与准TM偶、奇模有效折射率、耦合长度及模场分布, 揭示了其模式的混合特性及模场分布特点. 分析结果表明, 准TE模与准TM模的耦合长度随波导间距的增大均呈指数增长, 其中准TE模的耦合长度对波导侧壁倾角的变化敏感, 而准TM模的耦合长度对槽厚及槽折射率的变化敏感. 恰当选择结构与材料参数, 可实现两偏振态下相同耦合长度, 定向耦合器在偏振无关条件下工作.     

Effects of oxygen vacancy location on the electronic structure and spin density of Co-doped rutile TiO2 dilute magnetic semiconductors

According to density functional theory （DFT） using the plane wave base and pseudo-potential, we investigate the effects of the specific location of oxygen vacancy （Vo） in a （Ti,Co）06 distorted octahedron on the spin density and magnetic properties of Co-doped rutile Ti02 dilute magnetic semiconductors. Our calculations suggest that the Vo location has a significant influence on the magnetic moment of individual Co cations. In the case where two Co atoms are separated far away from each other, when the Vo is located at the equatorial site of a Co-contained octahedron, the ground state of the two Co cations is d6（t3g↑, t23g ↓） without any magnetic moment. However, if the Vo is located at the apical site, these two Co sites have different ground states and magnetic moments. The spin densities are also observed to be modified by the exchange coupling between the Co cations and the location of Vo. Some positive spin polarization is induced around the adjacent O ions.     

Effect of initial-state target polarization on single ionization of helium by 1-keV electron impact

We report new results of triple differential cross sections for the single ionization of helium by 1-KeV electron impact at the ejection energy of 10 eV. Investigations have been made for both the perpendicular plane and the plane perpendicular to the momentum transfer geometries. The present calculation is based on the three-Coulomb wave function. Here we have also incorporated the effect of target polarization in the initial state. A comparison is made between the present calculation with the results of other theoretical methods and a recent experiment [D黵r M, Dimopoulou C, Najjari B, Dorn A, Bartschat K, Bray I, Fursa D V, Chen Z, Madison D H and Ullrich J 2008 Phys. Rev. A 77 032717]. At an impact energy of 1 KeV, the target polarization is found to induce a substantial change of the cross section for the ionization process. We observe that the effect of target polarization plays a dominant role in deciding the shape of triple differential cross sections.