Visions: The coming revolutions in particle physics

We study the branching ratio, CP-violating asymmetry, forward-backward asymmetry and the CP-violating asymmetry in the forward-backward asymmetry for the exclusive decay B → Kτ⁺τ⁻ in the two Higgs doublet model with tree level flavor changing neutral currents (model III). We analyse the dependencies of these quantities on the neutral Higgs boson contributions and the CP parameter sinθ in the model III. We observe that to determine the neutral Higgs boson effects, the measurements of the forward-backward asymmetry and the CP-violating asymmetry in the forward-backward asymmetry for the decay B → Kτ⁺τ⁻ are promising.     

Reply to Comment on “Towards a large deviation theory for strongly correlated systems”

The computational study commented by Touchette opens the door to a desirable generalization of standard large deviation theory for special, though ubiquitous, correlations. We focus on three inter-related aspects: (i) numerical results strongly suggest that the standard exponential probability law is asymptotically replaced by a power-law dominant term; (ii) a subdominant term appears to reinforce the thermodynamically extensive entropic nature of q-generalized rate function; (iii) the correlations we discussed, correspond to Q-Gaussian distributions, differing from Lévy?s, except in the case of Cauchy–Lorentz distributions. Touchette has agreeably discussed point (i), but, unfortunately, points (ii) and (iii) escaped to his analysis. Claiming the absence of connection with q-exponentials is unjustified.     

Spatial chaos aspects of laser-material interaction

In the past decade the understanding of stability and chaotic behaviour of nonlinear systems has made significant progress. Such systems include: structure of turbulence, oscillations in mechanical structures, multistable biological systems, etc. Laser machining is now an established industrial production method for: prototyping, small batch manufacture, cutting refractory materials and specialist applications such as micromachining. Within narrowly bounded limits, many models exist that can be used to predict the necessary machining control parameters such as cutting rate, power, pulse repetition frequency, etc. However, in an unconstrained machining process, chaotic phenomena can be observed to occur. The objective of this paper is to prove the existence of chaos, for the laser-material interaction, which can be described by Poincaré-Birkhoff-Smale horseshoes. Furthermore, to exploit the phase portrait of the process to predict the optimal laser machining control parameters.     

Rigorous Generalization of Young's Law for Heterogeneous and Rough Substrates

We consider a SOS type model of interfaces on a substrate which is both heterogeneous and rough. We first show that, for appropriate values of the parameters, the differential wall tension that governs wetting on such a substrate satisfies a generalized law which combines both Cassie and Wenzel laws. Then in the case of an homogeneous substrate, we show that this differential wall tension satisfies either the Wenzel's law or the Cassie's law, according to the values of the parameters.     

Determination of the optical second harmonic response of pharmaceutical solid–solid mixtures

We report on a new method for characterising crystallinity and polymorphism of pharmaceutical drugs and excipients in the solid state. The optical nonlinearity of certain crystalline structures allows under certain circumstances the quantitative determination of polymorphism or crystallinity. An apparatus was set up to measure the second harmonic response of powdered samples when irradiated with a pulsed laser source. Here we present experimental results from various pharmaceutically interesting materials. This rapid, novel technique has potential for industrial monitoring of pharmaceutical manufacturing processes.