基于顶空及表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)结合的葱属植物挥发性物质研究

为了在常温下鉴定新鲜植物样品的挥发性物质,且避免繁杂前期样品的制备过程,将新鲜样品切细后置入顶空瓶中,用注射器抽取顶空瓶上方的挥发性物质注入用微波法制备的纳米银溶胶中,用R-3000便携式拉曼光谱仪进行SERS的测量。获得了葱属植物大蒜、韭菜、葱的挥发性物质的表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)。大蒜的SERS谱中较强的峰出现在307,399,569,711,1 182,1 287,1 397,1 622 cm-1处。韭菜的SERS谱中最强的峰出现在672 cm-1,较弱的峰出现在274,412,575,1 185,1 289,1 396,1 618 cm-1处。葱的SERS谱中最强的峰出现在693 cm-1,次强峰出现在372,888,1 023 cm-1处,较弱的峰出现在1 088,1 211,1 322 cm-1。获得二烯丙基二硫(diallyl disulfide)、烯丙基甲基硫醚(allylmethyl sulfide)、1-丙硫醇(1-Propanethiol)的液态、气态的SERS谱。经对比研究得出：吸附在银表面的大蒜、韭菜、葱的主要挥发性物质分别是二烯丙基二硫(diallyl disulfide)、烯丙基甲基硫醚(allyl methyl sulfide)、1-丙硫醇(1-Propanethiol)。同是葱属植物但不同种大蒜、韭菜、葱其吸附在银表面的主要的挥发性物质不一样,吸附在银表面的各种葱的主要挥发性物质都是1-丙硫醇。该实验结果表明顶空与SERS结合,不需要复杂的提取过程,可直接用于新鲜植物的挥发性物质快速检测。     

Memory characteristics of platinum nanoparticle-embedded MOS capacitors

The capacitance characteristics of platinum nanoparticle (NP)-embedded metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) capacitors with gate Al₂O₃ layers are studied in this work. The capacitance versus voltage (C–V) curves obtained for a representative MOS capacitor exhibit flat-band voltage shifts, demonstrating the presence of charge storages in the platinum NPs. The counterclockwise hysteresis and flat-band voltage shift, observed from the C–V curves imply that electrons are stored in a floating gate layer consisting of the platinum NPs present between the tunneling and control oxide layers in the MOS capacitor and that these stored electrons originate from the Si substrate. Moreover, the charge remains versus time curve for the platinum NP-embedded MOS capacitor is investigated in this work.     

十六烷基氯化吡啶-水-KI体系浮选分离锑

研究了十六烷基氯化吡啶-水-KI体系分离Sb3+的行为及与一些金属离子分离的条件。结果表明,在一定条件下,Sb3+可与Co2+、Al3+、Zn2+、Ni2+、Fe2+和Mn2+定量分离。     

Scanning ion conductance microscopy for imaging biological samples in liquid: a comparative study with atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy

The present study was designed to show the applicability of scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) for imaging different types of biological samples. For this purpose, we first applied SICM to image collagen fibrils and showed the usefulness of the approach-retract scanning (ARS)/hopping mode for such samples with steep slopes. Comparison of SICM images with those obtained by AFM revealed that the ARS/hopping SICM mode can probe the surface topography of collagen fibrils and chromosomes at nanoscale resolution under liquid conditions. In addition, we successfully imaged cultured HeLa cells, with 15 μm in height by ARS/hopping SICM mode. Because SICM can obtain non-contact (or force-free) images, delicate cellular projections were visualized on the surface of the fixed cell. SICM imaging of live HeLa cells further demonstrated its applicability to study the morphological dynamics associated with biological processes on the time scale of minutes under liquid conditions. We further applied SICM for imaging the luminal surface of the trachea and succeeded in visualizing the surface of both ciliated and non-ciliated cells. These SICM images were comparable with those obtained by scanning electron microscopy. Although the dynamic mode of AFM provides better resolution than the ARS/hopping mode of SICM in some samples, only the latter can obtain contact-free images of samples with steep slopes, rendering it an important tool for observing live cells as well as unfixed or fixed soft samples with complicated shapes. Taken together, we demonstrate that SICM imaging, especially using an ARS/hopping mode, is a useful technique with unique capabilities for imaging the three-dimensional topography of a range of biological samples under physiologically relevant aqueous conditions.     

云层对卫星遥感大气CO的影响与修正方法研究

研究云层对卫星遥感大气CO精度的影响,并以SCIAMACHY观测为例,详细论述一种云层影响的修正方法。修正过程中,采用朗伯云模型,全面考虑云层覆盖率、云顶高度和地面反射率的影响。将云层影响修正前后的卫星CO反演结果与地基FTIR测量值进行对比,发现修正云层影响后,两者的测量相关性明显提高。实验结果表明,提出的云层影响修正方法可明显提高卫星遥感大气CO的精度。     

Precise measurement of the CP violation parameter sin2φ1 in B0→(cc¯)K0 decays

We present a precise measurement of the CP violation parameter sin2φ1 and the direct CP violation parameter A(f) using the final data sample of 772×10(6) BB[over ˉ] pairs collected at the Υ(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e(+)e(-) collider. One neutral B meson is reconstructed in a J/ψK(S)(0), ψ(2S)K(S)(0), χ(c1)K(S)(0), or J/ψK(L)(0) CP eigenstate and its flavor is identified from the decay products of the accompanying B meson. From the distribution of proper-time intervals between the two B decays, we obtain the following CP violation parameters: sin2φ1=0.667±0.023(stat)±0.012(syst) and A(f)=0.006±0.016(stat)±0.012(syst).     

Chemical bonding states and atomic distribution within Zn(S,O) film prepared on CIGS/Mo/glass substrates by chemical bath deposition

Zn(S,O) thin films fabricated on CIGS/Mo/glass substrates by using chemical bath deposition (CBD) in acidic and basic solutions were studied. The Zn(S,O) thin films prepared in acidic solution [A-Zn(S,O) thin film] showed better crystallinity and a more compact surface morphology with larger grains than those prepared in basic solution [B-Zn(S,O) thin film] did. From the analysis of the chemical bonding states, at the initial growth step, the concentration ratio of Zn–O/Zn–S bonds in A-Zn(S,O) thin films was found to be approximately zero, while that in B-Zn(S,O) thin films was approximately equal to 1. The elemental distribution according to depth, determined by secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS), was shown to be uniform throughout both the A- and B-Zn(S,O) thin films. To reduce the number of Zn–O bonds in the B-Zn(S,O) thin films, the samples were post-annealed at up to 300 °C under vacuum, after which the concentration ratio of Zn–O/Zn–S bonds decreased by about 71% without any change in the crystallinity or surface morphology.     

Large four-wave mixing of spatially extended excitonic states in thin GaAs layers

We study the size dependence of the nonlinear response of weakly confined excitons for the size region beyond the long wavelength approximation regime. The observed degenerate-four-wave mixing signal of GaAs thin layers exhibits an anomalous size dependence, where the signal is resonantly enhanced at a particular thickness region. The theoretical analysis elucidates that this enhancement is due to the size-resonant enhancement of the internal field with a spatial structure relevant to the nondipole-type excitonic state. These results establish the formerly proposed new type of size dependence of nonlinear response due to the nonlocality induced double resonance.     

A fast estimation of sonar cross section of acoustically large and complex underwater targets using a deterministic scattering center model

In this paper, a fast method is proposed to estimate the sonar cross section of acoustically large and complex underwater targets such as submarines and torpedoes. The proposed method is based on a deterministic scattering center model which constructs scattering center database by using a combining method of physical optics and geometric optics and then reconstructs sonar cross section patterns from that database with a polynomial interpolation with respect to the incident angle. The parametric studies to find appropriate intervals of the reference incident angle are systematically carried out for simple targets such as a flat square plate and an orthogonal dihedral. Moreover, to validate the proposed method, sonar cross sections of real-like targets such as a pressure hull and an idealized submarine are calculated. The comparisons show that the results by the proposed method are in good agreement with those by the direct calculation.     

反演波段对DOAS测量大气中O3的性能影响研究

臭氧(O3)浓度通常被认为是一个地方污染水平的基准,所以其绝对值的准确性至关藿要.在差分光学吸收光谱技术(DOAS)对O3的测量过程中,光谱反演波段的选择可直接决定O3浓度的测量准确度.文章主要研究了在不同光谱波段O3特征吸收结构和差分光学厚度(D')的不同,在不同光谱波段O3浓度反演的干扰来源以及影响程度,确定了实际检测时大气消光对不同波段光强的影响,最后通过对多种污染物标准气体进行了同时临测,计算出标准气体在不同光谱分辨率不同O3浓度时的测量误差,确定了对O3的最适用光谱波段范围.在此波段既能够实现对痕量气体的准确定性定量,又能达到测量所需要的高灵敏度,强选择性和适用的时间分辨率.