Stochastic equations on compact groups in discrete negative time

In this paper a stochastic equation on compact groups in discrete negative time is studied. The diagonal group action on the extreme points of solutions is proved to be transitive by means of the coupling method. This result is applied to generalize Yor’s work which is closely related to Tsirelson’s stochastic differential equation and to give criteria for existence of a strong solution and for uniqueness in law. This research was supported by Open Research Center Project for Private Universities: matching fund subsidy from MEXT, 2004–2008.     

A synthesis of O-ethylcularidine (studies on the syntheses of heterocyclic compounds. Part cccxxxiii

In order to confirm the structure of cularidine (I), O-ethylcularidine (II) was synthesized and shown to be identical with the naturally occurring O-ethyleularidine on the basis of NMR spectroscopy and the R_f values.     

Two new dimeric acridone alkaloids from Glycosmis citrifolia

Two new acridone dimers, glycobismines-F (1) and -G (2), were isolated from the roots of Glycosmis citrifolia collected in Taiwan. The structures of the new compounds were determined based on spectral analysis.     

The Separation Mechanism of Particles in a Smoke by an Electric Field

It was found that smoke particles smaller than 100nm and of different crystal structures can be separated by an electric field. Tungsten oxide smoke curved in the electric field towards the positive electrode plate. The morphology of the particles and dispersion of particles became good in the electric field. By burning of Pb in a mixture gas of Ar (80%) and O₂ (20%), red and yellow layer structure particles were simultaneously produced. The flow direction of red and yellow smokes changed by applying an electric field (200V/cm). Red particles flowed towards the negative plate and yellow particles flowed towards the positive plate, i.e. two different structures were separated. Simultaneous growth conditions of SnO and SnO₂ were observed and also found that they can be separated by the use of electric field as well as lead oxides. The curve of the smoke is discussed as that the surface net charge was affected by the electric field on the basis of produced particle structure and morphology.     

Calculation of dielectric spectra of suspensions of rod-shaped cells using boundary element method

The boundary element method (BEM) has been applied to the calculation of dielectric spectra of suspensions of rod-shaped cells using two kinds of models: model-R consisting of a cylinder and two hemispheres and model-PU of prolate spheroid shape. Both models have an insulating shell phase of a uniform thickness. The calculations were compared with those using a conventional spheroidal model with a confocal shell (model-PC) and previous observations on rod-shaped yeast cells. The differences among the three models were not considerable and all the models succeeded in interpreting the observed data on yeast cells.     

Synthesis and Application of Tetrahydro‐2H‐fluorenes by a Pd(0)‐Catalyzed Benzylic C(sp3)−H Functionalization

A new method has been developed for the synthesis of tetrahydro‐2H‐fluorenes based on a Pd(0)‐catalyzed benzylic C(sp³)?H functionalization. Importantly, the success of the cyclization step was dependent on there being substituents at the two positions ortho to the benzylic group to avoid an undesired C(sp²)?H functionalization. This method was subsequently used to prepare the right‐hand fragment of the hexacyclic triterpenoid benzohopanes, and therefore represents a powerful tool for the construction of the related compounds.     

Carbon dioxide as a porogen on self-organized nano-structure of amphiphilic side-chain type liquid crystalline di-block copolymers

Liquid and supercritical carbon dioxide (LCO₂, SCCO₂) have been used as a porogen to swell self-organized nano-structure of an amphiphilic side-chain type liquid crystalline PEO–b-PMA(Az) copolymer. Carbon dioxide interacts with the hydrophilic PEO domain rather than the PMA matrix. The preferential interactions of PEO component with carbon dioxide result in a solvent-induced surface topology changes and the generation of a nano-porous template. The area density of the nano-pores is identical to that of the original copolymer film while keeping the hexagonally packed PEO nano-scale organization. Since the process is based on the gases diffusion on solid surfaces under controlled temperature and since neither polymer block is fundamentally altered by the sorption effect, the process is fully reversible. The supercritical condition of CO₂ treatment gives rise to the highest expansion of pre-patterned PEO cylinders and consecutively induces the retardation of PEO crystallization. This versatile thermo-diffuso approach would be applied to a wide variety of pre-patterned copolymers systems for nano-templating applications requiring nano-scale features sizes and/or area feature densities.     

Alternative synthetic path to (−)-adalinine via a SmI2-promoted fragmentation of a 3-oxopyrrolidine derivative

A novel and stereocontrolled synthetic path to a coccinellid alkaloid, (−)-adalinine, was established by employing the reductive carbon-nitrogen bond cleavage reaction and subsequent recyclization of a 3-oxopyrrolidine derivative with samarium diiodide, as key steps, where water was found to be the best proton source.     

Hydrogen-bonded liquid crystals built from hydrogen-bonding donors and acceptors. Infrared study on the stability of the hydrogen bond between carboxylic acid and pyridyl moieties

The stability of a hydrogen-bonded complex built through inter-molecular hydrogen bonding between carboxylic acid and pyridine fragments has been examined using infrared spectroscopy. Infrared spectra as a function of temperature have been recorded for the 1:1 complex of 4-hexyloxybenzoic acid and trans-4-propoxy-4'-stilbazole from the crystalline state to the isotropic state. A dependence of the stability of the hydrogen bond on molecular orientation is observed clearly in the infrared spectra. The spectra also suggest that the hydrogen bond is an unionized type with a double minimum potential energy.