Electrocatalytic Functionalized Specialty Paper as Low-Cost Porous Transport Layer Material in CO2-Electrolysis

The development of low-cost and efficient electrolyzer components is crucial for practical electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction (ECR). In this study, facile non-woven cellulose-based porous transport layers (PTLs) were developed for high current density CO₂-to-CO conversion. By depositing a cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) catalyst-layer over the PTLs, we fabricated ECR-functioning gas-diffusion-electrodes (GDEs) for both flow-cell and zero-gap electrolyzers. Under optimal conditions, the Faradaic efficiency of CO (FE_CO) reached 92 % at a high current density of 200 mA cm⁻². Furthering the architecture of the GDEs, CoPc was incorporated into the initial PTL slurry, forming ECR-active PTLs without the need for an additional catalyst-layer. The new GDE-architecture favored the CoPc-distribution by enhancing the contact and interactions with the carbon substrate and demonstrated a stable electrolysis process for over 50 h in a zero-gap cell at 200 mA cm⁻² with a FE_CO of 80 %.     

Determination of Parameters for an Entropy-Based Atrial Fibrillation Detector

Entropy algorithm is an important nonlinear method for cardiovascular disease detection due to its power in analyzing short-term time series. In previous a study, we proposed a new entropy-based atrial fibrillation (AF) detector, i.e., Entropy_AF, which showed a high classification accuracy in identifying AF and non-AF rhythms. As a variation of entropy measures, Entropy_AF has two parameters that need to be initialized before the calculation: (1) tolerance threshold r and (2) similarity weight n. In this study, a comprehensive analysis for the two parameters determination was presented, aiming to achieve a high detection accuracy for AF events. Data were from the MIT-BIH AF database. RR interval recordings were segmented using a 30-beat time window. The parameters r and n were initialized from a relatively small value, then gradually increased, and finally the best parameter combination was determined using grid searching. AUC (area under curve) values from the receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) were compared under different parameter combinations of parameters r and n, and the results demonstrated that the selection of these two parameters plays an important role in AF/non-AF classification. Small values of parameters r and n can lead to a better detection accuracy than other selections. The best AUC value for AF detection was 98.15%, and the corresponding parameter combinations for Entropy_AF were as follows: r = 0.01, n = 0.0625, 0.125, 0.25, or 0.5; r = 0.05 and n = 0.0625, 0.125, or 0.25; and r = 0.10 and n = 0.0625 or 0.125.     

YXO4(X=Nb,V)的结构与基质发光

采用高温固相法制备了一系列YNb_1-xO₄∶xV样品, 通过连续改变Nb和V的比例获得了具有不同结构的材料. 研究发现, V$O^{3-}_{4}$与Nb$O^{3-}_{4}$基团的发光分别位于约420和400 nm处, 但是YNbO₄中掺杂少量的V ⁵⁺和YVO₄中掺杂少量的Nb ⁵⁺对发光的影响明显不同. 通过连续改变V和Nb的比例, 其发光性质并不能连续从一种发光变为另一种发光, 而是在某一组成时达到最低. 对所制备材料的结构、 组成及发光变化进行了研究, 结果表明存在2种发光猝灭机理.     

湍流外尺度对大气相干长度和等晕角的影响

根据实测的湍流结构常数的高度分布资料，分析了大孔径和小孔径两种情况下湍流外尺度Ｌ＿０对大气相干长度ｒ＿０和等晕角θ＿０的影响。计算结果表明，在Ｌ＿０为有限值情况下，ｒ＿０和θ＿０明显地增大了，对于大孔径望远镜，在红外波段，如波长为２．２μｍ，ｒ＿０和θ＿０更大，θ＿０甚至可达０．５ｍｒａｄ。     

甲基功能化Cd基金属有机骨架高灵敏电化学传感多巴胺

设计并合成了Cd基金属有机骨架(MOF)[Cd (BDC)(BPZ)(H₂O)]_n(1),其中BPZ=3,3′,5,5′-四甲基-1H,1′H-4,4′-联吡唑,H₂BDC=对苯二甲酸)。化合物1具有三维孔道,其孔壁内有多个—CH₃基团和自由的羧基氧原子,甲基基团的存在显著提高了MOF的疏水性和稳定性。另外,甲基和未配位的羧基氧原子可通过氢键或范德瓦耳斯作用力增强与多巴胺(DA)分子作用。1对DA具有灵敏的电化学传感性能。制备的1/GCE电极的差分脉冲伏安(DPV)测试结果显示其检测DA的线性范围为0.4~764.7 μmol·L^-1,检出限为56.8 nmol·L^-1。在常见干扰物的存在下,电极的DPV响应电流无明显变化。电极用于实际样品检测时的回收率在95.23%~100.90%之间。     

Hetero-bimetallic Lanthanide-Coinage Metal Compounds Featuring Possible Metal-Metal Interactions in the Excited State

Heterometallic complexes, combining metals of the outer rims of the d-block, for example lanthanides(III) (Ln) and coinage metals(I) (M) are scarcely reported, synthetically challenging and highly interesting in terms of their interactions. In this context, we synthesized hetero-bimetallic Ln−M compounds ligated by the phosphine functionalized amidinate system (N,N’-bis[(2-diphenylphosphino)phenyl]formamidinate, “dpfam”). The resulting compounds [dpfam₃LnM][OTf] (Ln = La, Nd and M = Ag, Au) feature a close proximity of the two metal centres and were investigated experimentally by photoluminescence spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. The latter showed rare La−Au interactions for the first excited state.     

A remark on banks theorem

ABSTRACT

For discrete autonomous dynamical systems, it was found that in the three conditions defining Devaney chaos, topological transitivity and dense periodic points together imply sensitive dependence on initial condition (Banks, Brooks, Cairns, Davis and Stacey, On Devaney's definition of chaos, The Amer. Math. Monthly 99 (1992), pp. 332–334). In this paper, we give the definition of finitely generated non-autonomous dynamical systems (NADS) and generalize the Banks et al. theorem to the finitely generated NADS.     

Palladium-Catalyzed Synthesis of 2,3,4-Trisubstituted Furans via Cascade Reactions of Aryloxy-enynes with Aryl Halides

A highly efficient palladium-catalyzed cascade reactions of aryloxy-enynes with aryl halides under mild reaction conditions has been developed. This methodology offers rapid access to 2,3,4-trisubstituted furans in good to excellent yields in a regioselective manner.