Phase Estimation and Compensation for Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution

Phase estimation and compensation is one of the enabling functionalities in continous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD). Recently, a novel CVQKD scheme has been independently proposed to combat the local oscillator (LO) side channel attacks. Furthermore, we have carried out a proof-of-principle experimental study on the feasibility of the CVQKD without sending a LO. However, this scheme contains a serious weakness: The phase noise caused by the two different lasers between the sender and the receiver would severely destroy the quantum signal and finally reduce the secure distance. In this paper, we investigate the optical phase noise and explore the optimal approach to estimate and compensate such kind of noise with appropriate data overhead. Numerical simulations show that our scheme can successfully reconstruct the phase drifts even at low signal-to-noise ratio conditions. We also suggest that a higher accuracy of phase estimation could be achieved by using the frequency division multiplexing scheme. This opens an opportunity to employ advanced pilot-aided phase estimation techniques in quantum communication system.

     

Ab initio studies of copper hydrides under high pressure

The crystal structure, electronic structure, and superconductivity of copper hydrides at high pressure have been studied by ab initio calculation. Consistent with experimental report, results show that the predicted stoichiometry Cu₂H with the P-3m1 space group is stable above 16.8 GPa. The stoichiometry of CuH with the Fm-3m space group is predicted to be synthesized above 30 GPa, but it is metastable and dynamical instable up to 120 GPa. The electronic band calculations reveal that Cu₂H is a good metal at a stable pressure range, whereas CuH is an insulator. Moreover, the other hydrogenrich compounds CuH₂ and CuH₃ are thermodynamically and dynamically unstable, respectively. The calculated superconducting transition temperature (T _c) of Cu₂H at 40 GPa is 0.028 K by using the Allen-Dynes modified McMillan equation.     

两自由度舵-轴系统振动三维效应修正模型

考虑到小展弦比舵所存在的三维效应,利用附加质量系数ε和环量系数δ对经典Theodorsen两自由度运动方程进行修正,并与经典颤振实验结果进行比较,验证了修正后两自由度运动方程的适用性.质量比μ的不同会引起两自由度舵-轴系统振动V-g曲线形态的差异,故根据V-g曲线形状的不同将系统的振动分为第一类振动和第二类振动,其对应情况下可能发生的颤振为第一类颤振和第二类颤振.利用修正后的两自由度颤振理论模型分析了支撑刚度k_h、扭转刚度k_α、舵弦向重心位置x_α和初始攻角AOA对舵-轴系统颤振特性的影响规律,并通过开展相关实验对理论计算值进行验证,实验结果与计算值吻合良好.计算结果表明,k_h,k_α,x_α和AOA对颤振速度V_F存在显著影响,它们可以分别在一定的取值范围内导致系统发生第二类颤振.并且,V_F随k_h的增大单调增大,随k_α和x_α的增大先增大再减小,随AOA的增大则逐渐减小.其中,令V_F存在非零值的x_α取值范围狭小,反映了系统振动形态对x_α的敏感性.因此,在设计阶段避免将x_α设置在这个狭小的范围内可以降低颤振的发生几率.另一方面,由于V_F对k_h和k_α的反应缓慢,一旦颤振发生就可以通过将刚性轴锁紧来消除颤振效应.     

金属圆柱壳受大质量低速冲击的屈曲变形

对钢质和铜质金属圆柱壳的轴向冲击动力响应进行了实验研究,记录了两种不同材料圆柱壳在大质量低速冲击下的冲击力时程曲线,得到其屈曲模态。采用高速摄像及模拟技术给出了钢质圆柱壳渐进屈曲的全过程,为理解钢质圆柱壳的屈曲机理提供了直观的结果。黄铜质圆柱壳在大质量低速冲击下, 出现整个壳面滿布屈曲波纹的塑性动力屈曲现象,说明高速冲击不是产生塑性动力屈曲的充要条件。像铜这样具有高密度的韧性材料,在大质量低速冲击下,会在轴向产生持续的压缩塑性流作用而出现塑性动力屈曲现象。     

费托合成Co/SiO2催化剂的粒子尺寸效应:TPD和DRIFTS的研究

以不同配比的乙二醇(EG)/水溶液作溶剂, 用初湿含浸法制备了Co粒子尺寸分别为6、8、12、19 nm 的Co/SiO₂模型催化剂. 采用N₂物理吸附、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、程序升温脱附(TPD)、漫反射红外光谱(DRIFTS)、程序升温表面反应(TPSR)等表征和微分固定床反应器费托(F-T)反应评价实验, 考察了Co粒子尺寸对F-T反应性能的影响. 评价结果显示随着Co粒子尺寸的增大, CO转化率降低, 表观TOF在Co粒子尺寸为8 nm时出现高点. TPD和DRIFTS研究结果表明: 较小的Co粒子对CO的吸附和解离能力较强, 其表面碳物种会覆盖部分表面活性位, 使有效反应位点减少; 较大Co粒子对CO的吸附能力较弱, 表面C*较易脱附及CO*/Co_s比例较高, 导致催化剂加氢能力减弱, CO₂的选择性增高. 当Co粒子尺寸为8 nm左右时, CO_ads和C*在Co粒子表面吸附强度适中并且比例恰当, 使得催化剂表现出较高的F-T活性和产物选择性.     

Long-Term Antibacterial Film Nanocomposite Incorporated with Patchouli Essential Oil Prepared by Supercritical CO2 Cyclic Impregnation for Wound Dressing

Biocompatible skin wound dressing materials with long-term therapeutic windows and anti-infection properties have attracted great attention all over the world. The cooperation between essential oil and non-toxic or bio-based polymers was a promising strategy. However, the inherent volatility and chemical instability of most ingredients in essential oils make the sustained pharmacological activity of essential oil-based biomaterials a challenge. In this study, a kind of film nanocomposite loaded with patchouli essential oil (PEO-FNC) was fabricated. PEO-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (PEO-MSNs) with drug load higher than 40 wt% were firstly prepared using supercritical CO₂ cyclic impregnation (SCCI), and then combined with the film matrix consisting of polyvinyl alcohol and chitosan. The morphology of PEO-MSNs and PEO-FNC was observed by transmission and scanning electron microscope. The mechanical properties, including hygroscopicity, tensile strength and elongation at break (%), were tested. The release behavior of PEO from the film nanocomposite showed that PEO could keep releasing for more than five days. PEO-FNC exhibited good long-term (>48 h) antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus and non-toxicity on mouse fibroblast (L929 cells), making it a promising wound dressing material.     

Morphology and size dependence of silver microstructures in fatty salts-assisted multiphoton photoreduction microfabrication

The morphology and size dependence of silver microstructures in a novel microfabrication process, fatty salts-assisted multiphoton photoreduction (MPR), were investigated by using the fatty salts with different carbon chain lengths (C _n : n=4,5,7,9) under varied powers and irradiation times of a femtosecond near-infrared laser with the wavelength of 800 nm. Not only the feature size of the silver structures was reduced but also the surface smoothness was improved by increasing the chain length of the fatty salts. The highest resolution of a silver line was obtained to be 285 nm, which exceeded the diffraction limit. The fatty salts-assisted MPR microfabrication approach would provide an efficient protocol for fabricating metallic micro/nanostructures with fine morphology and size and could play an important role in the fabrication of the metallic micro/nanostructures for applications in photonics and electronics as well as in sensors.     

一锅法合成四芳基吡咯并[3,2-b]吡咯空穴传输材料及其在无掺杂倒置钙钛矿太阳电池的应用

本文采用一锅法合成了四芳基吡咯并[3,2-b]吡咯有机空穴输运材料(D41、D42、D43和D44),制备出无掺杂的倒置型平面钙钛矿太阳电池. 材料D41的芳环上含有甲基,具有供体-π-给体-π-供体结构;而D42、D43和D44具有受体-π-给体-π-受体结构,其中,芳环上分别含有氰基、氟和三氟甲基. 研究表明,芳环上取代基对其分子表面电荷分布和空穴输运层薄膜形貌有显著影响,钙钛矿晶体颗粒的大小与空穴输运材料分子结构有关,含有氰基的材料D42最有利于形成较大的钙钛矿晶粒,这主要是由于吡咯并[3,2-b]吡咯结构具有丰富的电子性质的缘故. D42制备的倒置型平面钙钛矿太阳电池光电转换效率为17.3%,在黑暗条件下22天后,仍保留了初始效率的55%. 吡咯并[3,2-b]吡咯结构具有良好的给电子特性,可作为高效钙钛矿薄膜的空穴传输材料.     

Short-term frequency characteristics of 2 µm single frequency Solid-state lasers

The Short term frequency stability characteristics of 2 μm single frequency Solid-state lasers was investigated. The two laser systems of 2 μm single longitudinal mode oscillation Tm, Ho:YLF microchip laser and Ho:YAG NPRO laser were designed and constructed. The Short term frequency stability of these two laser were measured with the fiber delay self-beating heterodyne method. The 3dB width of the relative frequency fluctuation of Tm, Ho:YLF microchip laser and Ho:YAG NPRO laser were measured to be 895 and 736 Hz with 500 m fiber optical (2.5 μs delay). The proportional relation between the lasing fluctuation and the delay time were 358 and 263 Hz/μs, respectively. The vibration experiment was presented and it indicated that the NPRO Ho:YAG was more terrible to the influence of vibration, which is important in the practical application of wind measurement lidar.