Effect of the homogeneity of the column set on the performance of a simulated moving bed unit. I. Theory

Although it is impossible to manufacture identical columns for use in a simulated moving bed (SMB) process, theoretical studies assume that all the columns in an SMB unit have identical characteristics. In practice, calculations in modeling and optimization studies are made with the average values of each column parameter set. In this report, the effects on SMB process performance caused by column-to-column fluctuations of the parameters are discussed. As a first step, we show how the differences in porosity of the columns may be taken into account with a revised set of separation conditions. Reductions in the purity of the extract and the raffinate streams are quantitatively related to the column-to-column fluctuations of the retention times of the two components arising from these porosity differences. For the sake of simplicity, the discussion first addresses the case of a four-column SMB operating under linear conditions. Then, the scope is extended to the cases of SMB units incorporating several columns in each section and to SMB units operating under nonlinear conditions.     

果蔬中L—抗坏血酸的示波计时电位K3Fe（CN）6滴定法研究

本文报导的方法是在南京大学高鸿教授研究的K_3Fe(CN)_6示波极谱滴定法(在PH8的K_2HPO_4—KH_2PO_4—KBr底液中,用0.04660mol/LK_3Fe(CN)_6标准溶液对纯抗坏血酸测定)的基础上,考虑到L—抗坏血酸(以下简称V_e)在碱性、中性介质中稳定性差,如用于V_e含量很微的果蔬测定,对结果影响大。本文改为H_2C_2O_4—KBr的酸性介质作底液,用     

The molecular structure of tetrathiofulvalene-13C (TTF) from proton magnetic resonance studies using nematic solvents

The molecular structure of TTF dissolved in nematic liquid crystalline solvents has been determined from the proton magnetic resonance including couplings due to ¹³C in natural abundance. The molecule is puckered in a boat conformation with the SCHCHS planes making a dihedral angle of 13 ± 2° with the S₂C  CS₂ plane. The other structural parameters obtained are r_CH = 1.085 ± 0.014 Å and the angel CCH = 123.7 ± 1.5°.     

Enantioselective Addition of Iodine Azide to α,β-Unsaturated Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

The addition of iodine azide to chiral conjugated N-enoyl-sultam or α,β-unsaturated N-acyloxazolidinones generated two asymmetric centers at C(α) and C(β) with high π-face differentiation and regioselectivity. The diastereomerically pure product was easily obtained by crystallization with purity up to 94% de. The structure of 2a was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis which also indicated that B and 4 are reactive conformations.     

Synthesis of 8,9-dialkoxy-substituted tetrahydrobenz[h] isoquinolines

6,7-Dimethoxy-2-naphthylethylamine, prepared by the diborane reduction of 6,7-dimethoxy-2-naphtlialeneacetamide, underwent a Pictet-Spengler cyclization to form 8,9-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenz[h]isoquinoline. This compound is identical with that obtained by reduction of the corresponding dihydrobenzisoquinoline prepared from formamide cyclization. 6,7-Dialkoxy-2-naphthaleneacetic acids, the key intermediates for the preparation of these amides, were obtained from 6,7-dialkoxy-2-acetonaphthones by a modified Willgerodt reaction.     

Application of a novel micro-injector in the determination of indole derivatives in the rat pineal gland by capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection

A novel micro-injector has been fabricated for capillary electrophoresis (CE). It was successfully used for the determination of some indole derivatives for example melatonin (MT), serotonin (5-HT), tryptophan (Trp), and 5-hydroxy-tryptophane (5-HTrp) in the rat pineal gland by capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection (CE-EC). CE was performed in 0.20 mol L(-1) phosphate buffer (pH 8.0). The compounds investigated can be well separated and detected within 15 min. The working electrode used was a 300-microm diameter carbon electrode positioned opposite the outlet of the capillary. The relationship between peak current and analyte concentration was highly linear in the range from 0.10 to 500 micromol L(-1); detection limits (S/N = 3) were 0.03-0.13 micromol L(-1). The proposed method has been successfully used to analyze real biological samples.     

Theoretical study of thermal diffusivity of superlattices in measurements using “mirage” technique

A complete theoretical treatment for the determination of thermal diffusivity of superlattices by the mirage technique has been performed. An effective medium approximation model of the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of both sublayers is presented, which is different from the simple models with the thermal diffusivity or thermal conductivity in series or parallel. The numerical calculation of the transverse component of the probe beam deflection in the mirage effect shows that the results obtained from the complete thermal-wave theory and the medium approximation model, for the optically and thermally thick superlattices, are in good agreement with each other. However, the further study on the thermally thin superlattices shows that either the series or the parallel model of the thermal conductivity should be chosen according to whether the thermal impedance of the superlattice is larger or less than that of substrate, respectively.