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971.
Jocelyn Jalbert Roland Gilbert Pierre Tétreault Brigitte Morin Denise Lessard-Déziel 《Cellulose (London, England)》2007,14(4):295-309
In this study, headspace gas chromatography/mass spectrometry has been used to assess the volatile by-products generated by
the ageing of oil-impregnated paper insulation of power transformers. Sealed-glass ampoules were used to age under oxidative
conditions 0.5-g specimens of insulating paper in 9 mL of inhibited mineral oil in a temperature range of 60–120 °C and moisture
of 0.5, 1 and 2% (w/w). A linear relationship between one of the oil-soluble degradation by-products, i.e. methanol, and the
number of ruptured 1,4-β-glycosidic bonds of cellulose, regardless of the type of paper (ordinary Kraft or thermally-upgraded
(TU) Kraft paper), was established for the first time in this field. Ageing at 130 °C of model compounds of the Kraft paper
constituents (α-cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) and two cellulosic breakdown by-products (D-(+)-glucose and 1,6-anhydro-β-d-glucopyranose) confirmed that the α-cellulose degradation was mostly responsible for the presence of this molecule in the
system. Furthermore, additional 130 °C-tests with six different papers and pressboard samples under a tight control of initial
moisture indicated that at least one molecule of methanol is formed for each rupture of 1,4-β-glucosidic bond of the molecular
chains. Stability tests showed that the ageing indicator is stable under the oxygen and temperature conditions of open-breathing
transformers. The presence of methanol was detected in 94% of oil samples collected from over than 900 in-service pieces of
equipment, confirming the potential for this application. Lastly, the tests have shown that oil-oxidation by-products and
TU-nitrogenous agents modify the methanol partitioning coefficients in the paper/oil/air system, which makes their study essential
over a range of field conditions encountered by power transformers. Results are presented and discussed in comparison with
2-furfuraldehyde, which is the current reference in the domain. 相似文献
972.
Muhammad Ilyas Sarwar Sonia Zulfiqar Zahoor Ahmad 《Colloid and polymer science》2007,285(15):1733-1739
Fluoro-aramid-based sol/gel-derived nanocomposites were synthesized by condensing a mixture of 4,4′-(hexafluoro-isopropylidene)dianiline
and 1,3-phenylenediamine with terephthaloylchloride (TPC) in dimethylacetamide. TPC was added in slight excess to produce
amide chains with carbonyl chloride end groups and then replaced with alkoxy groups using aminophenyltrimethoxysilane to develop
bonding with the silica network. Mechanical, dynamic mechanical thermal, water absorption and morphological measurements were
carried out on the thin hybrid films. Increase in the tensile strength and modulus was observed as compared to pristine polyamide.
The thermal decomposition temperature was found in the range of 400–500 °C. The water absorption was found to be reduced with
higher silica content. The glass transition temperature and the storage moduli increased with increasing silica concentration.
The maximum increase in the T
g value (345 °C) was observed with 20 wt% silica. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the uniform distribution of silica
in the matrix with an average particle size ranging from 8 to 50 nm. 相似文献
973.
974.
A novel photothermal phase-shift spectroscopy configuration based on the retro-reflected beam interference has been developed and its operational principle is described. The weak absorption measurement ability of this technique is experimentally proven with a water/ethanol solution of standard Pyronine G dye and the limit of detection is found to be 1.8 x 10(-6) absorbance. Potential applications of the technique are discussed. 相似文献
975.
In the degassing process of transformer oil with ultrasonic waves ,decompostition of the oil was observed.Light hydrocarbons,including methane,ethane,ethylene ,aceylene,propane etc,were found to be released continuously from the oil into headspace within a closed vial placed in an ultrasonic field ,The gases came from decomposition of hydrocarbon molecules under cavitation effect. 相似文献
976.
Shiyao Li Chuntian Wu Huiwen Cheng Hengqiang Li Beilu Li 《Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters》1998,65(2):293-300
The high-temperature durability of cordierite honeycomb Rh-free three-way catalysts (TWC) containing additives has been studied
by calcining catalysts at various temperatures in the interval of 600≈1100°C. The three-way performances of these catalysts
were evaluated for the reaction of carbon monoxide(CO), hydrocarbon(HC) and nitrogen oxides(NOx) at given conditions by using
a fixed bed reactor. The results show that after Rh-free TWC are thermally aged in air at 1100°C for 5h and 950°C for 104
h, the TWC still have better three-way activity compared with Rh-containing TWC. 相似文献
977.
Dinuclear Silylene Bridged Cyclopentadienylrhodiumbis(ethene) Complexes, Photochemical Reaction with Benzene Derivatives, and Selective Inclusion of Methylcyclopentane into the Crystal Lattice of [Me2Si{3-But-C5H3Rh(C2H4)2}2] By reaction of [{(C2H4)2RhCl}2] with Na2[Me2Si(C5H4)2] or with Li2[Me2Si(3-But-C5H3)2] in THF the dinuclear silylene bridged complexes [Me2Si{C5H4Rh(C2H4)2}2] 1 and [Me2Si{3-But-C5H3Rh(C2H4)2}2] 2 , respectively, were synthesized. Due to the asymmetric substitution of the five-membered rings and their hindered rotation around the Si? C axes, 2 is formed as three isomers. The X-ray structure analysis of 2 obtained from hexane reveals the selective inclusion of methylcyclopentane, the content of which in the solvent is about 17%, into the crystal lattice. UV irradiation of 1 in hexane in the presence of benzene causes elimination of the ethene ligands yielding the μ-η3:η3 benzene complex [Me2Si(C5H4Rh2)2C6H6] which cannot be separated from unreacted 1 . However, separation is possible in case of the hexamethylbenzene compound 4 analogous with 3 . 相似文献
978.
本文系统考察了九种不对称变色酸双偶氮氯膦类衍生物与铋(Ⅲ)的显色反应。并着重报道DBS-偶氮氯膦与铋反应的条件及其应用。在HClO_4—C_2H_5OH介质中,铋与上述试剂形成1:2的紫红色配合物,最大吸收波长位于639nm处,ε_(639)为9.54x10~4.铋在0—30μg/25ml浓度范围内服从比耳定律。反应酸度高,选择性好,许多常见元素可以大量共存。所拟方法不经分离可直接应用于某些有色金属及合金中痕量铋的测定。方法的回收率为96—102%,相对标准偏差小于4.5%。 相似文献
979.
980.