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51.
Recent advances in several experimental techniques have enabled detailed structural information to be obtained for floating (Langmuir) monolayers and Langmuir-Blodgett films. These techniques are described briefly and their application to the study of films of fatty acids and their salts is discussed. Floating monolayers on aqueous subphases have been shown to possess a complex polymorphism with phases whose structures may be compared to those of smectic mesophases. However, only those phases that exist at high surface pressures are normally used in Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) deposition. In single LB monolayers of fatty acids and fatty acid salts the acyl chains are in the all-trans conformation with their long axes normal to the substrate. The in-plane molecular packing is hexagonal with long-range bond orientational order and short-range positional order: known as the hexatic-B structure. This structure is found irrespective of the phase of the parent floating monolayer. The structures of multilayer LB films are similar to the structures of their bulk crystals, consisting of stacked bilayer lamellae. Each lamella is formed from two monolayers of fatty acid molecules or ions arranged head to head and held together by hydrogen bonding between pairs of acids or ionic bonding through the divalent cations. With acids the acyl chains are tilted with respect to the substrate normal and have a monoclinic structure, whereas the salts with divalent cations may have the chains normal to the substrate or tilted. The in-plane structures are usually centred rectangular with the chains in the trans conformation and packed in a herringbone pattern. Multilayer films of the acids show only a single-step order-disorder transition at the melting point. This temperature tends to rise as the number of layers increases. Complex changes occur when multilayer films of the salts are heated. Disorder of the chains begins at low temperatures but the arrangement of the head groups does not alter until the melting temperature is reached. Slow heating to a temperature just below the melting temperature gives, with some salts, a radical change in phase. The lamellar structure disappears and a new phase consisting of cylindrical rods lying parallel to the substrate surface and stacked in a hexagonal pattern is formed. In each rod the cations are aligned along the central axis surrounded by the disordered acyl chains. 相似文献
52.
Shi Zhen CHEN Yun Peng BAI Zhao Long LI 《中国化学快报》2006,17(2):258-260
Fluorous-phase chemistry is currently a topic of considerable interest1-6. Since fluoroustriphasic reactions were first described by the Curran and co-workers7, this triphasicsystem has been widely used for detagging7,8 and phase-vanishing reactions9-11. … 相似文献
53.
In this paper, we deal with the nonlinear second-order differential equation with damped vibration term involving p-Laplacian operator. Of particular interest is the resolution of an open problem. An interesting outcome from our result is that we can obtain the fast homoclinic solution with general superlinear growth assumption in suitable Sobolev space. To our knowledge, our theorems appear to be the first such result about damped vibration problem with p-Laplacian operator. 相似文献
54.
Elastic Analysis of Anisotropic Functionally Graded Rotating Disks With Non-Uniform Thicknesses北大核心CSCD 下载免费PDF全文
研究了任意梯度变化的变厚度各向异性转动圆盘的弹性问题.假设圆盘绕刚性轴匀速转动,其材料性能和厚度沿径向任意梯度变化.考虑圆盘在中心转轴处受位移约束,外侧自由,根据各向异性转动圆盘的平衡微分方程,得到关于径向应力的Fredholm积分方程,继而通过对Fredholm积分方程进行数值求解,得到结构的位移场和应力场.对具体梯度变化情况仅需代入相应梯度变化进行求解即可.数值算例部分,通过假设厚度、弹性模量等参数为特殊的幂函数形式,将由Fredholm积分方程求出的数值解与对应的精确解进行对比,以及针对常见的Voigt模型,将由该方法算得的数值解和ANSYS有限元计算结果进行对比,验证了该方法的准确性和精度.其次,针对Voigt模型,重点分析了厚度变化、材料性能梯度参数、各向异性度等对应力场和位移场的影响.提出了针对材料性能和厚度沿径向呈任意梯度变化的圆盘结构弹性分析方法,将为优化功能梯度圆盘的结构和材料参数、有效调整构件应力分布、提高结构安全性,提供强有力的工具;算例分析结果对功能梯度圆盘在复杂条件下的结构安全设计有重要的理论指导意义. 相似文献
55.
Acta Mathematica Sinica, English Series - The main purpose of this article is to study the calculating problem of the sixth power mean of the two-term exponential sums, and give an interesting... 相似文献
56.
As a sequel to [8], we investigate here the behaviour of thetrivial extensions of tilted algebras under stable equivalence.It will be shown that if a finite-dimensional symmetric algebra is stably equivalent to the trivial extension of a tilted algebraB, then is the trivial extension of some tilted algebra A whichhas the same type as B. 相似文献
57.
S. W. Peng 《Heat and Mass Transfer》1994,29(8):501-505
Present paper presents a derivation of Luikov equations applicable to sublimation-drying. The physical situation and transfer mechanism are elucidated clearly. The coefficients appearing in Luikov equations are given in a more explicit way. Some formulation mistakes in recent publications are indicated.
Nomenclature C M v/V f, concentration of vapor, kg/m3 - c pv specific heat of vapor at constant pressure, J/kg K - c pw specific heat of adsorbed water at constant pressure, J/kg K - c s specific heat of solid skeleton, J/kg K - C s M s/V f, concentration of solid skeleton, kg/m3 - C w M w/V f, concentration of adsorbed water, kg/m3 - f V w/V f, volumetric fraction of adsorbed water - j F mass flux of vapor by diffusion (Fick) transfer, kg/m2 s - j D mass flux of vapor by filtration (Darcy) transfer, kg/m2 s - j v total mass flux of vapor, kg/m2 s - k permeability, m2 - M s mass of solid skeleton, kg - M v mass of vapor in pores, kg - M w mass of adsorbed water, kg - P pressure, Pa - q heat flux, W/m2 - R gas constant, J/kg K - T temperature, K - V f volume of the framework of porous medium, m3 - V v volume of vapor in porous medium, m3 - V w volume of the absorbed water, m3 Greek symbols /(c p), effective thermal diffusivity, m2/s - m effective vapor diffusivity in porous medium, m2/s - p R T /, Luikov pressure diffusivity, m2/s - +f, porosity of the porous medium - effective thermal conductivity of porous body, W/m K - dynamic viscosity of vapor, kg/m s - kinematic viscosity, m2/s - Ck/=k/, Luikov filtration motion coefficient, s - V v/V f, volumetric fraction of vapor - density of absorbed water, kg/m3 - (c p) M v c pv+M s c s+M w c pw /V f=Cc pv+C s c s+fc pw, effective product of density and specific heat of humid porous body, J/m3K 相似文献
Anwendung der Luikov-Gleichungen auf die Sublimationstrocknung
Zusammenfassung Die Untersuchung bezieht sich auf eine Ableitung der Luikov-Gleichungen, mittels deren sich der Vorgang der Sublimationstrocknung analysieren läßt. Physikalische Anfangssituation und Austauschmechanismen werden klar herausgestellt und die in den Luikov-Gleichungen auftretenden Koeffizienten in expliziter Weise angegeben. Ferner erfolgt Hinweis auf Formulierungsfehler in jüngeren Veröffentlichungen.
Nomenclature C M v/V f, concentration of vapor, kg/m3 - c pv specific heat of vapor at constant pressure, J/kg K - c pw specific heat of adsorbed water at constant pressure, J/kg K - c s specific heat of solid skeleton, J/kg K - C s M s/V f, concentration of solid skeleton, kg/m3 - C w M w/V f, concentration of adsorbed water, kg/m3 - f V w/V f, volumetric fraction of adsorbed water - j F mass flux of vapor by diffusion (Fick) transfer, kg/m2 s - j D mass flux of vapor by filtration (Darcy) transfer, kg/m2 s - j v total mass flux of vapor, kg/m2 s - k permeability, m2 - M s mass of solid skeleton, kg - M v mass of vapor in pores, kg - M w mass of adsorbed water, kg - P pressure, Pa - q heat flux, W/m2 - R gas constant, J/kg K - T temperature, K - V f volume of the framework of porous medium, m3 - V v volume of vapor in porous medium, m3 - V w volume of the absorbed water, m3 Greek symbols /(c p), effective thermal diffusivity, m2/s - m effective vapor diffusivity in porous medium, m2/s - p R T /, Luikov pressure diffusivity, m2/s - +f, porosity of the porous medium - effective thermal conductivity of porous body, W/m K - dynamic viscosity of vapor, kg/m s - kinematic viscosity, m2/s - Ck/=k/, Luikov filtration motion coefficient, s - V v/V f, volumetric fraction of vapor - density of absorbed water, kg/m3 - (c p) M v c pv+M s c s+M w c pw /V f=Cc pv+C s c s+fc pw, effective product of density and specific heat of humid porous body, J/m3K 相似文献
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