Energetic ion beams are proving to be versatile tools for modification and depth profiling of materials. The energy and ion species are the deciding factor in the ion-beam-induced materials modification. Among the various parameters such as electronic energy loss, fluence and heat of mixing, velocity of the ions used for irradiation plays an important role in mixing at the interface. The present study is carried out to find the effect of the velocity of swift heavy ions on interface mixing of a Ti/Bi bilayer system. Ti/Bi/C was deposited on Si substrate at room temperature by an electron gun in a high-vacuum deposition system. Carbon layer is deposited on top to avoid oxidation of the samples. Eighty mega electron volts Au ions and 100?MeV Ag ions with same value of Se for Ti are used for the irradiation of samples at the fluences 1?×?1013–1?×?1014 ions/cm2. Different techniques like Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction were used to characterize the pristine and irradiated samples. The mixing effect is explained in the framework of the thermal spike model. It has been found that the mixing rate is higher for low-velocity Au ions in comparison to high-velocity Ag ions. The result could be explained as due to less energy deposition in thermal spike by high-velocity ions. 相似文献
The structural, electronic, mechanical, phase transition, and thermo-physical properties of refractory carbides, viz. VC, NbC, and TaC have been computed in stable B1 and high pressure B2 phases by means of two different ab initio calculations using pseudo- and full-potential schemes. These materials have mixed covalent-, metallic-, and ionic-type bonding. The calculations of elastic constants show the mechanical stability of these materials in B1 phase only. The brittle nature and anisotropy is observed in these materials in B1 phase. Non-central forces are present in both the phases. Elastic wave velocities and Debye temperature have also been calculated. The present results on structural, phase transition, elastic, and other properties are in reasonably good agreement with the available experimental and theoretical data. The calculations in high pressure phase need experimental verification. 相似文献
Abstract Activated tellurium, but not selenium, reacts with para-substituted benzoylmethyl bromides as well as with iodoacetamide at their melting points in absence of a solvent to give bis(p-substituted benzoylmethyl)tellurium dibromides, (p-YC6H4COCH2)2TeBr2, (Y = H, Me, and MeO) and bis(acetamido)tellurium diiodide, (H2NCOCH2)2TeI2, respectively. Quick reduction of (p-YC6H4COCH2)2TeBr2, with sodium metabisulphite in a two-phase system yields crystalline (p-YC6H4COCH2)2Te. These tellurides undergo smooth oxidative addition of halogens, interhalogen ICl or a pseudohalogen (SCN)2. Intramolecular coordination of the carbonyl group in these functionalized diorganotellurium dihalides is evident from IR spectra and shorter Te···O (carbonyl) distances in comparison to the sum of van der Waals radii and completes six coordination around Te atom. Not unexpectedly, therefore, intermolecular secondary bonding effects of the type Te…O, Te···X and X···X are missing in (PhCOCH2)2TeBr2, (p-MeOC6H4COCH2)TeBr2 and (PhCOCH2)2TeI2. Instead, these compounds provide rare examples, among organotellurium compounds, of supramolecular architecture, where C–H···Br and C–H···O hydrogen bonds and π-π (phenyl ring) interactions appear to be the noncovalent intermolecular associative forces that dominate the crystal packing. 相似文献
2-Arylazo-5,5,10,10,15,15,20,20-octamethylcalix[4]pyrroles (azo-OMCPs) have been synthesised by the reaction of calix[4]pyrrole with aryldiazonium chloride in 15–45% yields. The solution-state binding studies of the synthesised hosts were investigated by absorption spectroscopy and 1H NMR in DMSO and CDCl3, respectively. These receptors, appended with electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups, displayed enhanced affinity and selectivity for fluoride anion. Well-defined colour change in the visible region of the spectrum was observed upon addition of fluoride ion in DMSO solution of azo-OMCPs. Detailed NMR studies in CDCl3 revealed that azo-OMCPs with nitro and chloro groups have higher binding affinity for fluoride ion. 相似文献
A convenient, fast, efficient, and ecofriendly synthesis of metal‐free phthalocyanines from various substituted phthalonitriles in different hydroxyalkylammonium ionic liquids in the presence of 1,8‐diazabicyclo‐[5,4,0]‐undec‐7‐ene (DBU) is reported in moderate yields. The effect of concentration of DBU and temperature on the synthesis of phthalocyanine in N‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐N,N‐dimethylbutylammonium bromide ionic liquid has been examined, and the ionic liquid has been recovered and reused conveniently. 相似文献
Electricity generation using simple and cheap dye-sensitized solar cells and photocatalytic water splitting to produce future fuel, hydrogen, directly under natural sunlight fascinated the researchers worldwide. Herein, synthesis of indium-doped wurtzite ZnO nanostructures with varying molar percentage of indium from 0.25 to 3.0% with concomitant characterization indicating wurtzite structure is reported. The shift of (002) reflection plane to higher 2θ degree with increase in indium-doping thus is a clear evidence of doping of indium in zinc oxide nanoparticles. Surface morphological as well as microstructural studies of In@ZnO exhibited generation of ZnO nanoparticles and nanoplates of diameter 10–30 nm. The structures have been correlated well using computational density functional (DFT) studies. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy depicted the extended absorbance of these materials in the visible region. Hence, the photocatalytic activity towards hydrogen generation from water under natural sunlight as well as efficient DSSC fabrication of these newly synthesized materials has been demonstrated. In-doped ZnO exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity towards hydrogen evolution (2465 μmol/h/g) via water splitting under natural sunlight. DSSC fabricated using 2% In-doped ZnO exhibited an efficiency of 3.46% which is higher than other reported In-doped ZnO based DSSCs.
Structural Chemistry - Mononuclear and dinuclear iron complexes are found as key intermediates in many synthetic and biocatalytic reactions, since many of these species are transient and have high... 相似文献
For general inferential families with a mixture of one- and two-sided inferences two procedures are proposed to compare several treatments with a control under heteroscedasticity. Critical constants required for the proposed procedures are tabulated, and a numerical example is given. 相似文献